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RELATIVE CLAUSE

BY : PEPI FIDIA, S.Pd. RELATIVE CLAUSE. RELATIVE CLAUSE :. a dependent clause that modifies a noun. It describes , identifies, or gives further information about a noun. It is also called Adjective clause. USING SUBJECT PRONOUN : WHO , THAT ( PERSON ). I thanked the man.

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RELATIVE CLAUSE

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  1. BY : PEPI FIDIA, S.Pd RELATIVE CLAUSE

  2. RELATIVE CLAUSE : • a dependent clause that modifies a noun. It describes , identifies, or gives further information about a noun. It is also called Adjective clause.

  3. USING SUBJECT PRONOUN :WHO , THAT ( PERSON ) I thanked the man. Hehelped me. a. I thanked the man who helped me. b. I thanked the man that helped me. Note : a and b have the same meaning

  4. USING SUBJECT PRONOUN :WHO , THAT ( PERSON ) I saw the man. Heclosed the door. a. I saw the man who closed the door. b. I saw the man that closed the door. Note : a and b have the same meaning

  5. USING SUBJECT PRONOUN :WHICH, THAT ( THING ) The book is mine Itis on the table a. The book which is on the table is mine. b. The book that is on the table is mine. Note : a and b have the same meaning

  6. USING SUBJECT PRONOUN :WHICH, THAT ( THING ) We are studying sentences. Theycontain relative clauses. a. We are studying sentences whichcontain relative clauses. b. We are studying sentences that contain relative clauses. Note : a and b have the same meaning

  7. EXAMPLES : • The taxi driver who / that took me to the airport was friendly. • The woman who / that shouted at me was angry. • Only people who / that know computers will succeed in the modern world. • A river which / that is polluted is not safe for swimming. • Tom got into the car which / that was parked in front of the house.

  8. USING OBJECT PRONOUN :WHO(M) , THAT , Ø ( PERSON ) I liked the man. I met him at the party. • I liked the man who(m) I met at the party. • I liked the man that I met at the party. • I liked the man ø I met at the party. Note : a , b, and c have the same meaning

  9. USING OBJECT PRONOUN :WHICH , THAT , Ø ( THING ) The book was good. I read it. • The book which I read was good. • The book thatI read was good. • The book øI read was good. Note : a , b, and c have the same meaning

  10. EXAMPLES : • The people who(m) / that / Ø we visited yesterday were very nice. • The little girlwho(m) / that / Ø I helped was Fenny. • The movie which / that / Ø we saw last night wasn’t very good. • I liked the composition which / that / Ø you wrote.

  11. OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION( PERSON ) She is the woman. I told you about her. • She is the woman about whom I told you. • She is the woman who(m)I told you about. • She is the woman that I told you about. • She is the woman Ø I told you about. Note : a , b, c, and d have the same meaning

  12. OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION( PERSON ) The man was very kind. I talked to himyesterday. • The man to whomI talked yesterday was very kind. • The man who(m) I talked to yesterday was very kind. • The man that I talked to yesterday was very kind. • The man Ø I talked to yesterday was very kind. Note : a , b, c, and d have the same meaning

  13. OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION( THING ) The music is good. We are listening to it. • The music to which we are listening is good. • The music which we are listeningtois good. • The music thatwe are listening to is good. • The music Øwe are listening tois good, Note : a , b, c, and d have the same meaning

  14. OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION( THING ) The picture was beautiful. She was looking at it. • The picture at which she was looking was beautiful. • The picture whichshe was looking atwas beautiful. • The piicture that she was looking at was beautiful. • The music Ø she was looking at was beautiful. Note : a , b, c, and d have the same meaning

  15. USING WHOSE :( to show possession ) The man is my father. I respect most his opinions. The man whose opinions I respect most is my father.

  16. USING WHOSE :( to show possession ) I know the little boy. His bike was stolen. I know the little boy whose bike was stolen.

  17. USING WHERE :( place : city, country, room, house, etc) The building is very old. He lives in that building. • The building where he lives is very old. • The building in which he lives is very old. • The building which he lives in is very old. • The building that he lives in is very old. • The building Ø he lives in is very old. Note: a,b,c,d and e have the same meaning.

  18. USING WHEN :( time : year, day, time, century, etc) I’ll never forget the day. I met you on that day. • I’ll never forget the day when I met you. • I’ll never forget the day on which I met you. • I’ll never forget the day that I met you. • I’ll never forget the day Ø I met you. Note: a,b,c, and d have the same meaning.

  19. PUNCTUATION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES • Don’t use comma if the relative clause is necessary to identify the noun that it modifies ( restrictive / essential ) • Use comma if the relative clause just gives additional information and is not necessary to identify the noun that it modifies ( nonrestrictive/nonessential )

  20. PUNCTUATION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES • Use comma if the relative clause modifies a proper noun ( name ) A proper noun begins with a capital letter, not a small letter. A comma reflects a pause in speech ( nonrestrictive/nonessential ).

  21. RESTRICTIVE AND NON RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES • The woman who teaches us English is an excellent teacher. ( necessary to identify which woman is meant ) • Ms Julie, who teaches us English, is an excellent teacher. ( not necessary to identify who Ms Julie is. We already know who she is: she has a name )

  22. RESTRICTIVE AND NON RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES • Hawaii, which consists of eight principal islands, is a favorite vacation spot. • Allan and Jackie, who didn’t come to class yesterday, explained their absence to the teacher. ( not necessary , Hawaii, Allan, and Jackie are proper nouns )

  23. DIFFERENT MEANING : • We took some children on a picnic. The children , who wanted to play soccer, ran to an open field as soon as we arrived at the park. ( means : all of the children wanted to play soccer ) • We took some children on a picnic. The children who wanted to play soccer ran to an open field as soon as we arrived at the park. The others played a different game. ( means : only some of the children wanted to play soccer )

  24. DIFFERENT MEANING : • There was a terrible flood. The villagers who had received a warning of the floodescaped to safety. ( means : only some of the villagers had been warned; only some escaped ) • There was a terrible flood. The villagers, who had received a warning of the flood , escaped to safety. ( means : all of the villagers had been warned; all escaped )

  25. EXERCISE :Join the sentences on the left with those on the right using who or which 1. Do you know a shop? 2. I know somebody. 3. I want some plates. 4. I was at school with the man. 5. I’d like to speak to the person. 6. She’s got friendly with a boy. 7. The police haven’t found the man. 8. There’s some cheese in the fridge. 9. We’ve got some light bulbs. 10. This is the switch. • He lives next door. • He stole my car. • He/She deals with exports. • It isn’t working. • It needs to be eaten. • It sells good coffee. • They last for years. • She could mend that chair. • They can go in the microwave. • He is driving that taxi. www.kwary.net

  26. THANK YOU

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