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Cells

Cells. What are cells?. Cells are the basic structure of all living things.

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Cells

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  1. Cells

  2. What are cells? Cells are the basic structure of all living things.

  3. Cells are made of molecules like everything else in the world; however, an object can have molecules but no cells. The combination of specific molecules makes cells. Therefore, cells are the basic unit in all living things.

  4. The organization of the body Cells ▼ Tissue ▼ Organs ▼ Organ Systems ▼ Organism

  5. The facts about cells… • Cells are microscopic • Cells were discovered by Robert Hooke while looking at cork under the microscope • Organisms can have one cell (unicellular) or more than one cell (multi-cellular)

  6. The facts about cells… • The cell theory-cells are the basic unit of structure in all living things; all living things are made of one or more cells; cells come from other living cells • Organelles are parts of a cell

  7. The facts about cells… • All cells have the same basic structure, with some exceptions, but multi-cellular organisms can perform more functions because their cells are specialized (brain cells, heart cells, stomach cells, etc.)

  8. The facts about cells… • Cells maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing external environment (homeostasis) • Cells must maintain this stable environment to carry out important functions

  9. Two types of cells • Cells with a nucleus-plant and animal cells • Cells without a nucleus-bacteria

  10. Cytoplasm Nucleus Chromosomes Chloroplast Vacuole Mitochondrion Cell Wall Cell Membrane Lysosome Nucleolus Nuclear membrane Endoplasmic reticulum (rough/smooth) Ribosomes Golgi complex Cell Organelles

  11. The following slides give the function of each cell organelle

  12. Cytoplasm Fluid that surrounds the cell’s organelles

  13. Nucleus The control center of the cell

  14. Chromosomes Structures inside the nucleus that contain DNA that controls the cell’s activities

  15. Chloroplast Makes food for plant cells using energy from sunlight

  16. Vacuole Stores water and other materials

  17. Mitochondrion Breaks down food molecules to make energy (ATP)

  18. Cell Wall Provides strength and support to the cell membrane in plant cells

  19. Cell Membrane Provides a barrier and allows materials in and out of the cell (semi-permeable)

  20. Lysosome Digest food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders

  21. Nucleolus Stores the materials that will be used later to make ribosomes

  22. Nuclear Membrane Allows materials in and out of the nucleus

  23. Endoplasmic Reticulum(Rough/Smooth) Packages and transports proteins throughout the cell

  24. Ribosomes Make proteins

  25. Golgi Complex Processes and transports materials out of the cell

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