Campaign Planning Process

1. Campaign Planning Process Step 7 – Prepare Operations Plan (OPLAN) / Operations Order (OPORD) & Assess 29 March 2006 UNCLASSIFIED

2. Learning Objectives This module will cover Step 7 of the Campaign Planning Process. • Aim of Step: • Synthesize the planning information produced to date & prepare an OPLAN to be submitted for approval. • Once approved by the Lead Nation National Authorities, an OPORD is developed & issued to the components for the first period of multinational activity for the crisis response situation. • Starting Conditions: • Lead Nation National Authorities, thru the Supported Strategic Commander, have provided their guidance based upon the CCTF Commander’s Estimate.

3. Learning Objectives • Basic Process: • OPLAN 1 is submitted through the Supported Strategic Commander to the Lead Nation National Authorities. • OPORD 1 is drafted for issuance to CTF Components. • Execution of the OPORD is assessed & additional SEs are prioritized for follow-on operations (as contained in subsequent OPLANs & OPORDs).

4. Learning Objectives • Ending Conditions: • An integrated OPLAN & OPORD cycle within the CTF HQ & command is established. • Planning responsibilities are clearly identified & adhered to. • End Product of the Step: • OPLAN 1 • OPORD 1 • Any Contingency Plans required for possible branches & sequels.

5. Preliminary Notes • OPLANs: • Outline DPs (conditions) & prioritized SEs. • Within a Concept of Operations (CONOPS). • With supporting component missions & objectives. • OPORDs: • Derived from OPLANS with specific tasks. • With supporting component mission and objectives. • “ready to execute plan”. • Contingency Plans: • OPORD (task-oriented) format for rapid execution (e.g., branches & sequels) for the current Campaign Schematic (Lines of Operations & DPs). • Written in OPLAN format (conditions) for contingencies not requiring rapid execution (“be prepared to” missions). • Fragmentary Orders (FRAGOs): • FRAGOs refine & adjust current operations to address evolving situations after an OPORD has been issued. • FRAGOs are time sensitive & normally limited in scope.

6. Step 7 – Prepare OPLAN / OPORDPreliminary Action • CTF planning responsibilities of the key planning organizations are reinforced & executed within an organized & managed planning process. The key organizations are: • C5 PLANS: Plans (conditions oriented) • C3 FOPS: Future Operations (task oriented) • C3 COPS: Current Operations (situational awareness oriented – e.g., “battle tracking”)

7. Annex F1 – CTF Planning Process (Foundation #1 - Organization) • Purpose: Summarize foundation #1(Organization) of the CTF planning process. • . Note: The planning horizon times are only an example; can be varied based upon the situation & size of the operations. Larger contingencies require larger time frames.

8. Step 7 – Prepare OPLAN / OPORD Main Actions • The CTF C5 PLANS prepares the OPLAN 1 for review & approval by the CCTF. • Potential branches & sequels are identified that may require contingency plans. • The CPG ensures relevant components are appropriately resourced to execute the suggested activity & coordination measures are identified. • CTF C3 staff has the lead regarding production of the OPORD in coordination with the CTF Component Commanders who have identified the “tasks”.

9. Step 7 – Prepare OPLAN / OPORD Main Actions • Should time permit, or complexity demand, the product can be validated though a ‘rock drill’. • The ‘rock-drill’ assists in identifying risks, necessary decision points, & confirms understanding of respective responsibilities. • This rock drill, supported by the Red Team, addresses probable tactical activity for final refinement of OPORD details.

10. Step 7 – Prepare OPLAN / OPORD Main Actions • The completed OPLAN is submitted to the respective Lead Nation Supported Strategic Commander & National Authorities for approval. • Some work may be required before approval is granted & staffs must be ready to answer any concerns / issues national governments may have. • Ongoing parallel planning efforts with the strategic levels will prevent the majority of issues that might arise between the operational & strategic levels. • Additionally, integration of the NCE into the CTF planning process will underscored the ownership of the OPLAN by the participating nations within the CTF effort.

11. Step 7 – Prepare OPLAN / OPORD Main Actions • C5 PLANS conducts a hand-off brief to the C3 FOPS • C3 FOPS prepares the OPORD 1 for approval by the CCTF & issuance to the CTF Components. • OPORD 1 is developed in coordination with the CTF Components • Subsequent instruction, if necessary, is issued as a FRAGO, provided the components’ mission statements have not changed. • If there is a mission change, this would require a new OPORD.

12. Step 7 – Prepare OPLAN / OPORD Main Actions Follow-On Action after OPORD 1: • Coalition / Combined Effects Management Team (CEM Team) assesses the execution of the OPORD & prioritizes additional SEs follow on operations (& OPLANS / OPORDs). • This initiates the process by which the Campaign Plan moves further toward the Operational End State. • The process of identifying the next set of tactical tasks begins again for the NEW prioritized SEs. • The process repeats itself as OPLAN 2 moves into OPORD 2.

13. Step 7 – Prepare OPLAN / OPORD Main Actions • The CPG must have close coordination with Components & other key CTF elements: • Multinational Coordination Center (MNCC). • Civil Military Operations Center (CMOC). • Coalition / Combined Logistics Coordination Center (CLCC). • CTF Multinational Media Pools . • Special Access Planning cells (Deception, Special Ops, etc.) to build an integrated & coordinated multinational plan.

14. Campaign PlanningProcess Products • Planning Document 1 - Warning Order 1 • Planning Document 2 - Situation Review Summary (Operational Intelligence Preparation of the Environment-OIPE) • Planning Document 3 - Mission Analysis Template • Planning Document 4 - Warning Order 2 • Planning Document 5 - Campaign Plan • Planning Document 6 - Warning Order 3 • Planning Document 7 – Commander’s Estimate • Planning Document 8 - OPLAN • Planning Document 9 - OPORD

15. Strategic Military Direction (HHQ Warning Order to JTF / CTF) OPORD 1 CDR’s Estimate WARNO 3 Campaign Plan WARNO 2 Msn Analysis OIPE WARNO 1 OPLAN 1 Steps 1 to 3 30% 50% 20% Steps 4 & 5 Steps 6 & 7 CTF Staff Command Group CTF Components 1 – Commander’s Scoping 2 – Situation Review 3A – Mission Analysis 3C – Factor Analysis CTF Component Analysis 3B – S-COG Analysis 4A – Develop the Campaign Framework 4B – Decisive Point (DP) Analysis & Supporting Effect (SE) Development 4C – Decisive Point (DP) Evaluation 4D – Produce Campaign Plan Directive (C5) & FID (Staff) 4E – Determine Prioritized Supporting Effects (SEs) 5 – Linking Planning to Execution 6 – Commander’s Estimate 7 – Prepare OPLAN / OPORD

16. Summary • The Campaign Plan outlines the overall WHAT for the CTF command (in coordination with major actors / stakeholders). • OPLANS & OPORDS provide the HOW. • Together they provide an integrated & coordinated approach for effective mission success for multinational crisis response operations. OPLANS & OPORDS must have ownership by all participating nations in the CTF effort.

17. Summary And one last point overall ……..

18. MPAT “Words to Live By” • Be patient - don’t try to solve the problem from the initial stages of the crisis. • Trust & know the planning process. • Start out with the big picture & understand the foundations of the crisis before attempting to solve the problem. • What do I know? Who else needs to know? • Find out WHAT needs to be done before concentrating on HOW to do it. “Sometimes, in order to go fast, it is better to go slow at first.” - BGen Tan Huck Gim Singapore Armed Forces

19. Quiz

20. Discussion UNCLASSIFIED