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The Constitutional Convention of 1787: Shaping America's Future

Discover the pivotal moments of the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, 1787, where key decisions and compromises shaped the U.S. Constitution. Learn about the Virginia and New Jersey Plans, the Great Compromise, the 3/5 Compromise, Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists, Bill of Rights, and Washington's presidency. Explore the foundational principles that established the framework for the American government as we know it today.

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The Constitutional Convention of 1787: Shaping America's Future

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Presentation Transcript

  1. The Constitution

  2. Constitutional Convention • September 1786 = 5 states met in Annapolis • James Madison of Virginia led reform effort to revise Articles of Confederation • Re-scheduled for May 1787 in Philadelphia

  3. Alexander Hamilton • Wanted stronger federal government

  4. Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia • May – September 1787 • All states present except Rhode Island • Elite men = 2/3 were lawyers, 7 former state governors

  5. Virginia Plan • Would have reduced state power • 3 branches of government • Would have given smaller states less power

  6. New Jersey Plan • Led by smaller states • Would have created 3 presidents • Single congress • Congress had right to tax

  7. Great Compromise • House of Representatives decided by population • Senate representation gave all states 2 representatives • 3/5 Compromise

  8. 3/5 Compromise • 3/5 of slave population would be counted for state population • “Slavery,” “Slaves,” “Slave Trade” never mentioned • International slave trade allowed to continue • Fugitive Slaves allowed to be captured across state lines • No changes to 3/5 clause allowed for 20 years

  9. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists • 38 out of 55 representatives passed Constitution • 9 out of 13 states had to ratify it • Federalists = wanted stronger federal government • Anti-Federalists = Anti-constitution, wanted state power • Ratified constitution = Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Maryland, South Carolina, Massachusetts • Anti-Federalists = Rural or western states, North Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, Rhode Island

  10. Bill of Rights • A compromise for 7 states before they would ratify • 1791 = 10 states approved 10 out of 12 amendments • #1 – 8 = About individual liberties • #9 – 10 = About boundaries between federal and state authority

  11. Washington as President • February 1789 = Unanimously chosen as president by electoral college • John Adams elected as VP • Projected an honest and virtuous image

  12. Federalists vs. Republicans • By 1790 = 2 informal parties • George Washington & early national government Federalist • Democrat-Republicans had roots in Anti-Federalists • Washington warned against party politics in Farewell Address

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