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Native Americans In the West: The Last Stand

Native Americans In the West: The Last Stand. Native American Lands 1860-1890. Federal Indian Policies. Killing of the Buffalo Policy of Concentration reservation system (confinement) settlers had free passage through reservations Why it Failed

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Native Americans In the West: The Last Stand

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  1. Native Americans In the West: The Last Stand

  2. Native American Lands 1860-1890

  3. Federal Indian Policies • Killing of the Buffalo • Policy of Concentration • reservation system (confinement) • settlers had free passage through reservations • Why it Failed • buffalo herds did not stay on reservation • discovery of gold on Indian land

  4. Santee Sioux Massacre • 1862 • Santee Sioux v. Minnesota Settlers • Andrew Myrick “Let them eat grass” • over 400 settlers killed • 303 Sioux sentenced to be hanged • only 38 were actually executed, the rest were pardoned by President Lincoln

  5. Sand Creek • November 28, 1864 • Chief Black Kettle and Cheyenne • Colonel Chivington and US Army • over 450 Cheyenne killed • Mystery of History – considered a massacre

  6. Sand Creek

  7. Sioux Wars • 1862-1876 • Chief Red Cloud and Chief Sitting Bull • Black Hills of South Dakota • Technology led to defeat • telegraph, railroad, six-shot Colt revolver, machine guns, Buffalo Soldiers

  8. Battle of Little Big Horn(a.k.a. Custer’s Last Stand) • June 1876 • Sioux v. General Custer and the US Army • Little Big Horn River (Greasy Grass) • Chief Sitting Bull • Crazy Horse • Huge Sioux Victory • Last Native American victory ever

  9. Dawes Act • Goal - To Americanize the Natives • Native America peoples should be assimilated into white culture • End to traditional native lifestyles • Method/Plan • reservation lands broken into plots of land given to individuals • taxes paid on land supported white Christian schools and all children had to attend these schools • Native Americans who accepted this could become citizens and be protected by law, if not - no protection • reservation land ratio - 47 million acres went to Native Americans, 90 million acres went to white settlers

  10. Ghost Dance • Wovoka, a Paiute • Blend of Paiute Religions and Christianity • 1880s • New world order • return of the buffalo • resurrection of slain native peoples • peaceful North America void of all whites • Last attempt to keep hope alive • Scared US Army who thought this was a military movement

  11. Ghost Dance

  12. Wounded Knee • 1890 • Chief Big Foot, Sioux • Wounded Knee Reservation • US Army tried to “disarm” the tribe • A deaf Sioux man accidentally shot off a rifle • Army opened fire on the Sioux killing over 95% of the Sioux band

  13. The soldiers opened fire -- with rifles, revolvers, and finally, the cannon that hurled exploding shells into the tipis. The Lakotas did their best to fight back. When the shooting finally stopped, some 250 men, women and children were dead.

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