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Limiting Reactants Lab

Limiting Reactants Lab. Lab Goals: -Determine the limiting reactant in a reaction. -Determine the theoretical yield for the reaction -Run a precipitation reaction, collect product, and analyze the % yield. Day 1:. Run reaction (individual groups) Calculate theoretical yield. Reaction:.

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Limiting Reactants Lab

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  1. Limiting Reactants Lab Lab Goals: -Determine the limiting reactant in a reaction. -Determine the theoretical yield for the reaction -Run a precipitation reaction, collect product, and analyze the % yield

  2. Day 1: • Run reaction (individual groups) • Calculate theoretical yield.

  3. Reaction: CaCl2 (aq) + Na2CO3(aq)  CaCO3(s) + NaCl (aq) Calcium chloride reacts with sodium carbonate to yield calcium carbonate and sodium chloride. Which product is the precipitate? Why is this the product you will measure?

  4. To determine limiting reactant: • You will start the lab and then do this while you are waiting… • Identify how much desired product you can make starting with the assigned amount of each reactant. • The reactant that makes the LEAST product is limiting. You will use this to calculate your theoretical yield.

  5. Procedure • Take 28.5 mL of Calcium chloride. This equals 2.5 g. • 55g/1000mL = 2.5 g/X mL X=28.5 mL • Make a solution (with water) of Na2CO3 as assigned to your group. Try to keep the volume of water below 30 mL (less is better!) • What can you do to dissolve your solution faster?!

  6. Reaction • Your reaction combines the two aqueous solutions. • Mix the solutions in a flask. Swirl and use stirring rod to completely mix. You will almost immediately see a white precipitate form! • Filter the solutions through filter paper as shown by the teacher. Be careful not to overflow and lose product. You probably need 45 minutes for this step!!!

  7. Filtering Visuals

  8. As you wait… • Do the math and write your hypothesis! I will be around to help with this! • Read about limiting reactants so you can go home and write your intro. • Document your exact procedure. The numbers on the lab sheet are a guide but do not include what your specific group did. I am looking for YOUR procedure.

  9. Safety • Chemical Safety: Googles are general chemical safety when working with solutions. • Hot plate safety: Once you use the hot plate it remains hot. Be careful not to touch the surface!

  10. Day 2: • Collect final mass • Determine actual yield and calculate % yield. • Put data into spreadsheet. • You can now work on the individual data part of the lab report. We will worry about group data after your test!!!

  11. Day 3: • Group Data: • Graph: mass CaCO3 produced as a function of mass Na2CO3 used. • Discuss graph and limiting/excess reactants. • Time for discussion of error in small groups.

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