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九九峰:集集地震( 1999 年、台湾中部) Chi-Chi Earthquake (Central Taiwan in 1999)

地滑り・土石流災害調査への 衛星 リモートセンシング 技術の適用 Applicability of satellite remote sensing technique for investigation of sediment disaster caused by landslide and debris flow. 土砂災害調査における問題点 Problems about investigation of sediment disaster.

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九九峰:集集地震( 1999 年、台湾中部) Chi-Chi Earthquake (Central Taiwan in 1999)

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  1. 地滑り・土石流災害調査への衛星リモートセンシング技術の適用Applicability of satellite remote sensing technique for investigation of sediment disaster caused by landslide and debris flow

  2. 土砂災害調査における問題点 Problems about investigation of sediment disaster • 土砂災害が広範囲に発生した場合、通常の調査手法(現地調査、空中写真調査等)では時間とコストがかかる。      When sediment disaster occur in a very wide area, ordinary method (field survey, aerial-photo survey, etc.) take much time and cost. • より迅速な調査手法として衛星                    リモートセンシング技術の適用                    が期待される。                           Application of satellite remote sensing technique is greatly expected as a smarter way to investigate. 九九峰:集集地震(1999年、台湾中部) Chi-Chi Earthquake (Central Taiwan in 1999)

  3. 衛星データの特徴Characteristics of satellite data • 広域性 Wide area data • 一様性、同時性 uniformly and simultaneously • 周期性 Frequency • 繰り返し観測、過去のデータ取得 Frequent observation, obtain the past data • 遠隔性 Remote sensing • 高高度からのデータ取得 Obtain data from very high place • コンピュータ適合性 Suitable to computer analysis

  4. 研究目的 Objectives of the study 土砂災害調査への衛星リモートセンシング技術の適用性の検討                           Examining the applicability of satellite remote sensing technique for investigation of sediment disasters • どの衛星データが適用可能か?             What satellite data is applicable? • 適用限界は? What is the limitations? • 改善策は? How should it be improved? • 合成開口レーダーデータ               Synthetic aparature radar (SAR) data • 光学系センサーデータ Optical sensor data  (LANDSAT, SPOT)

  5. 研究事例1:集集地震(1999年、台湾中部) Case study 1:The Chi-Chi Earthquake in 1999, Central Taiwan 草嶺の巨大地すべり Tsao-ling landslide (120×106m3) 対象エリア Studied area

  6. SARデータを用いた崩壊地分布図作成手順Process of distribution mapping of landslides using SAR data SAR 強度画像(災害後) SAR intensity image (after the event) SAR 強度画像(災害前) SAR intensity image (before the event) 強度差画像の作成 Imagery differential 推定崩壊地分布図 Distribution map of landslides 粗度減少?         Reduction of roughness? 崩壊前 before the event 崩壊後 after the event

  7. RADARSAT/SAR 強度画像(清水渓周辺)RADARSAT/SAR intensity image () October 18, 1999 (after the event) April 9, 1999 (before the event)

  8. 清水渓周辺の2時期のSAR強度差画像及びSPOT画像SAR imagery differential and SPOT image around SPOT画像 SPOT image 2時期の差画像 Imagery differential between two periods

  9. H i m e k a w a T o k y o A r e a 研究事例2:姫川豪雨災害(1995年、日本) Case study 2:The Himekawa Heavy Rainfall Disaster in 1995, Japan 対象エリア (姫川流域) Studied area (Himekawa area)

  10. 光学系センサ画像を用いた崩壊地分布図作成手順Process of distribution mapping of landslides using optical sensor image 衛星画像(災害前) Optical image (before the event) 衛星画像(災害後) Optical image (after the event) 土地被覆分類図 Land cover map 土地被覆分類図 Land cover map 植生地・非植生地の区分 Distinction of plant area and non-plant area 植生地・非植生地の区分 Distinction of plant area and non-plant area 裸地化 Non-plant area 災害前後の植生変化 Change of plant area from before and to after the event 推定崩壊地分布図  Distribution map of landslides 崩壊前 before the event 崩壊後 after the event

  11. 崩壊地分布図(姫川流域全体) Distribution map of landslides (whole himekawa area) 崩壊地抽出結果 Result of detection 実際の崩壊地分布(既往データ) Actual distribution (existing data)

  12. 土谷川流域崩壊地分布図Distribution map of landslides in Tsutitani-gawa basin Estimated Landslide Area Cloud Boundary of Basin Landslide Area  土 谷 川 流 域  1994-1995Landsat / TM 画像解析結果 Result of detection

  13. 土谷川流域崩壊地分布図(拡大図)Distribution map of landslides in Tsutitani-gawa basin(enlargement) Estimated Landslide Area Cloud Boundary of Basin Landslide Area 1994-1995Landsat / TM 画像解析結果 Result of detection

  14. まとめ Conclusions SAR強度画像 SAR intensity image • 湛水地や顕著な地形変化を伴う大規模崩壊の抽出には適用可能である。Applicable to find ponding and huge landslide with substantial geomorphic change. • 崩壊の規模にかかわらず表層崩壊の抽出には適用困難である。Shallow landslides are hardly found despite theie largeness. • 土砂災害の監視へある程度適用可能である。        Almost applicable for the investigation of sediment disasters. • 薄雲や画像のひずみ等の原因から誤分類を招く。      Even thin cloud and distortion of images lead to misjudgment. • 小規模な斜面崩壊の検出には空間分解能が不十分である。Spatial resolution is not enough to detect relatively small landslides. 光学系センサーデータ Optical sensor data

  15. 今後の課題 Perspectives • 高空間分解能(1m四方以内)                  Higher spatial resolution (less than 1m×1 m) • 地形補正のための正確な数値標高モデル(DEM)の整備:1m~10mメッシュ                             Precise digital elevation model (DEM) for geographical adjustment:1m~10m mesh • 崩壊地自動抽出のためのアルゴリズム開発      Development of algorithm for automated detection of landslides • 干渉SAR技術の検討                     Examination of SAR interferometry technique

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