1 / 40

Science Final Review Notes

Science Final Review Notes. Does it Float or Sink?. Density is less than 1.0 g/cm3. FLOATS. Density is more than 1.0 g/cm3. SINKS. Solids. Phase of matter in which matter has a definite shape and volume.

catrin
Download Presentation

Science Final Review Notes

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Science Final Review Notes

  2. Does it Float or Sink? Density is less than 1.0 g/cm3 FLOATS Density is more than 1.0 g/cm3 SINKS

  3. Solids • Phase of matter in which matter has a definite shape and volume Molecules (small round objects) are arranged and organized in “tightly packed” order Molecules Vibrate In Place

  4. Liquids • Phase of matter in which matter takes the shape of its container and has definite volume Molecules are moving slowly; not fast enough to overcome the attractions between them

  5. Gases • Phase in which matter changes in both volume and shape Molecules move very quickly and are able to break apart from one another

  6. So How Do We Classify Them? • How fast the molecules move!!!

  7. Potential Energy – Stored energy • Kinetic Energy – Energy of motion

  8. Circuits • Complete, closed path through which electric charges flow Open Closed

  9. Two Types of Circuits • 1. Series: all parts are connected in one loop

  10. Types Of Circuits • 2. Parallel: different loads are located on separate branches

  11. Types Of Waves • 2 Types 1. Transverse Waves 2. Longitudinal Waves These two waves can be identified by the direction in which the particles of the medium vibrate compared with the direction in which the waves travel

  12. Transverse Waves • Transverse: waves that move across Particles in a transverse wave move across or perpendicular to the direction of the wave

  13. Longitudinal Waves • Longitudinal: the particles of a medium vibrate back and forth along the path that the wave travels

  14. Properties of Waves • Amplitude: the maximum distance the wave vibrates from its rest position Larger the amplitude = taller wave

  15. What Does Amplitude Mean? • Small Amplitude = low energy • Large Amplitude = high energy

  16. Wavelength • Wavelength: the distance between any two adjacent crests or compressions

  17. Frequency • Frequency: the number of waves produced in a given amount of time Expressed in Hertz

  18. Newton’s Laws • An object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force 2. Force = mass x acceleration 3. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

  19. The seven types of energy are:

  20. What Makes An Object Move? • Force: a push or pull on an object Characteristics of Forces 1. Have size 2. Direction 3. Units = Newtons 40.0 Newtons

  21. Law of Gravity • What goes up must come down. • Gravitational force increases with increased mass of the object or decreased distance between objects.

  22. Law of Conservation of Energy • Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Energy can only change form.

  23. Levers • A simple machine consisting of a bar that pivots at a fixed point Fulcrum: pivot point 3 Classes of Levers

  24. Inclined Planes • Simple machine that is a straight, slanted surface The longer an inclined plane is compared to its height, the greater the mechanical advantage

  25. Wheel and Axle • Consists of two circular objects of different sizes 1st Circular Object 2nd Circular Object The wheel allows the individual to spin the axle easier

  26. Pulleys • Consists of a grooved wheel that holds a rope or a cable

  27. Compound Machines • Machines that are made of two or more simple machines The more moving parts, the more mechanical advantage

  28. What is Friction Then? • Friction: a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching There is NO SUCH THING as a completely smooth surface!!

  29. Efficiency In Machine • Machines can be made to be more efficient We do this by REDUCING… Friction Lubricants: substances that are applied to surfaces to reduce friction between them

  30. Physical Properties • Can be observed without changing what the object originally was EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Apple Hair Taste Color Shape Color Water Chalk Liquid Texture Color Clear

  31. Physical Changes • Changes in size, shape, or color (the object is still the same substance) EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL CHANGES Apple Hair STILL AN APPLE! STILL HAIR! HAIRCUT SLICED Water Chalk COLORING STILL CHALK! BREAK STILL WATER!

  32. Chemical Changes • Evident when we make a NEW SUBSTANCE!! EVIDENCE OF PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL CHANGES

  33. Solubility Curves ** A WAY TO FIGURE OUT HOW MUCH SUBSTANCE YOU CAN DISSOLVE AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES** ** Match the temperature at the bottom with the grams of solute on the left side…where they meet is the solubility for that substance**

  34. Electromagnetic Spectrum • Name for the range of electromagnetic waves when they are placed in order of increasing frequency

  35. long Wavelength short low Frequency high Electromagnetic Spectrum Continued

  36. Refraction • Bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium to another

  37. Reflection • When light or any other waves bounces off an object Allows us to see objects that do not produce their own light

  38. Absorption and Scattering • Absorption: the transfer of energy carried by light waves to particles of matter

  39. Light and Color • Color is produced by REFLECTION and ABSORPTION!!!! The colors that are REFLECTED are the colors that you can see!!!!!!

  40. What Are Our Basic Colors? Meet ROY G. BIV • THE RAINBOW!!! R O Y G B I V = RED = ORANGE = YELLOW = GREEN = BLUE = INDIGO = VIOLET

More Related