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Chapter 8 Word-Formation by Reduction

Chapter 8 Word-Formation by Reduction . Morphology Lane 333. Word-formation processes . Word-formation occurs by: adding morphemes (affixation) change the shape without using additional elements (ablaut) conversion (dink (N), drink (V))

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Chapter 8 Word-Formation by Reduction

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  1. Chapter 8Word-Formation by Reduction Morphology Lane 333

  2. Word-formation processes • Word-formation occurs by: • adding morphemes (affixation) • change the shape without using additional elements (ablaut) • conversion (dink (N), drink (V)) • abbreviations: by shortening words & longer lexical expressions

  3. Abbreviations • Sometimes the shortened expressions achieve the status of normal expression for what is meant & the older, longer forms disappear • LASER (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) • AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)

  4. Clipping • Clipping the ends of words is called APOCOPE, e.g. TAXI from taximeter , CAB from cabriolet • Clipping of beginnings is called PROCOPE e.g. BUS from omnibus, • Clipping of both ends; e.g. FLU from influenza • The result of clipping might be a new affix as a bound lexical morpheme; e.g. MINI from miniature in MINIMUM • Exercise 8.4

  5. Blends • Blends: when two words are combined to form a single one by taking the first part of one & the last part of the other one • Example • SMOG (smoke+ fog) • BRUNCH (breakfast+ lunch) • The meaning is relevant to the meaning of both of the source words • The weak form is when one word is imported into the reduced frame of the other, as in SKYJACK, with sky inserted into a reduced HIJACK

  6. Telescoping • Telescoping: is a type of blending where two words are formed into one by the omission of a portion of one word duplicated in the other • Example • SLNAGUAGE from ‘slang’ ‘language’

  7. Acronymy • An acronym: is a word formed by the initial letters of the words of a longer expression, pronounceable as a natural word of the language in question. • Example • LASER • AIDS

  8. Initialism • Initialism: words formed from initial letters which continue to be pronounced as a string of letters, whether or not that string could represent a pronounceable word • Example • CD • KFC

  9. English Pet-name formation • English pet-name formation: is done by taking the base of a given name and adding –y or –ie to it or to an abbreviated form of it • Example • John/ Johnny • Ann/Annie

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