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Unit 10 The End of the Civil War

Unit 10 The End of the Civil War. Contemporary College English Book III. Contents. Warm-up. 1. Background Information. 2. Text Appreciation. 3. Language Study. 4. Extension. 5. I. Brief discussion II. A civil war quiz  . Warm-up. 1.

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Unit 10 The End of the Civil War

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  1. Unit 10 The End of the Civil War Contemporary College English Book III

  2. Contents Warm-up 1 Background Information 2 Text Appreciation 3 Language Study 4 Extension 5

  3. I. Brief discussion II. A civil war quiz   Warm-up 1

  4. Do you agree with Jay Winik that how wars end is just as important as how wars start ? How do civil wars usually end? Why does Jay Winik sound so proud of the way the American Civil War ended? Do you have any comments or challenging questions for the author? I. Brief discussion

  5. I. Brief discussion Can you describe the story behind the picture?

  6. Why is the village of Appomattox famous? Whom was the historic meeting between at Appomattox? Which General accepted the terms of surrender at Appomattox? Can you name the dominant figures pictured in the previous slide I. Brief discussion

  7. 1.Where does everyone seem to agree the greatest battle in the war was fought? A. Winchester, Virginia. B. Richmond, Virginia. C. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. D. Franklin, Tennessee. 2.Even though the war was bloody, most deaths occurred from disease. True or False? 3.Both sides had many prisoners and many died during their imprisonment because of food or care. True or False? II.A civil war quiz

  8. 4.The combatants in the Civil War were the Union (Northern States), against the Southern States (Confederacy). True or False? 5.This war had many causes.  What is the one reason primarily believed to be the main cause as seen by historians? (Hint: a disputed fact by Southern States) A. Political turmoil. B. Secession. C. Slavery issues. D. States rights. II.A civil war quiz

  9. 6.Some say the North and South were much different in its people, customs and way of life. True or False? 7.Neither side was really prepared for war. The North had a small army and the South had none. True or False? 8.The Union had a powerful navy ready for war. True or False? 9.This war would see about 75,000 orphans losing their fathers. Therefore, memory of the war has lasted generations. True or False? A civil war quiz

  10. 10.There is much prejudice (strong opinions) about the war. Some say it will never be over. True or False? 11.How many years did the Civil War last? A. One. B. Five. C. Four. D. Ten. 12.This war saw 10,000 battles, skirmishes (brief encounters) and forays (raids). True or False? 13.Not only was the war costly in lives—600,000 plus,  it was very costly in money and economic ruin for both sides.   True or False? II.A civil war quiz

  11. I. Fort Sumter II.The Battle of Gettysburg III.Appomattox IVGrant and Lee V.Richmond VI.The Mexican War Background Information 2

  12. I. Fort Sumter Can you describe the story behind the picture?

  13. America's most tragic conflict ignited at Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861, when a chain reaction of social, economic and political events exploded into the Civil War. At the heart of these events was the issue of states rights versus federal authority flowing over the underlying issue of slavery. Fueled by decades of disagreement and confrontation, South Carolina seceded in protest of Lincoln's election and the social and economic changes sure to follow. With Fort Sumter as an unyielding bastion of Federal authority, the war became inevitable. A powerful symbol to both the South and the North, Fort Sumter remains a memorial to all that fought to hold it. I. Fort Sumter

  14. II.The Battle of Gettysburg "The Battle of Gettysburg" (Pickett's Charge), Peter F. Rothermel.

  15. On the gently rolling farmlands surrounding the little town of Gettysburg, Pa., was fought one of the great decisive battles of American history. For 3 days, from July 1 to 3, 1863, a gigantic struggle between 75,000 Confederates and 97,000 Union troops raged about the town and left 51,000 casualties in its wake. Heroic deeds were numerous on both sides, climaxed by the famed Confederate assault on July 3 which has become known throughout the world as Pickett's Charge. The Union Victory gained on these fields ended the last Confederate invasion of the North and marked the beginning of a gradual decline in Southern military power. Here also, a few months after the battle, Abraham Lincoln delivered his classic Gettysburg Address at the dedication of the national cemetery set apart as a burial ground for the soldiers who died in the conflict. II.The Battle of Gettysburg

  16. Petersburg Sayler’s Creek Appomattox Court House Clover Hill Tavern McLean’s House III.Appomattox

  17. Petersburg A battle demonstration

  18. Petersburg, Virginia, became the setting for the longest siege in American history when General Ulysses S. Grant failed to capture Richmond in the spring of 1864. Grant settled in to subdue the Confederacy by surrounding Petersburg and cutting off General Robert E. Lee's supply lines into Petersburg and Richmond. On April 2, 1865, nine-and-one-half months after the siege began, Lee evacuated Petersburg. Petersburg

  19. Sayler’s Creek Confederate defensive line at Sayler's Creek

  20. Look out over the Battlefield of Sayler's Creek, the last major engagement between the Army of Northern Virginia and the Army of the Potomac. Before the sunset on April 6, 1865, Lee had lost nearly a fourth of his army, over 8,000 captured.As Lee approached the battlefield, he was met by hundreds of disorganized Confederate soldiers, many without weapons, streaming to the rear. "My God!" he said, "Has the army been dissolved?" Sayler’s Creek

  21. Appomattox Court House reconstructed

  22. Appomattox Court Houseoriginal

  23. On April 9, 1865, Robert E. Lee, commanding general of the Army of Northern Virginia, surrendered his men to Ulysses S. Grant, general-in-chief of all United States forces. Though several Confederate armies under different commanders remained in the field, Lee's surrender signaled the end of the Southern States' attempt to create a separate nation. Here at Appomattox Court House is where the nation reunited. Three days later the men of the Army of Northern Virginia marched before the Union Army, laid down their flags, Appomattox Court House

  24. stacked their weapons, and then began the journey back to their homes. Originally the village of Appomattox Court House was known at Clover Hill. It was a stopping-off point on the main Richmond-Lynchburg Stage Road. In 1845 when the county of Appomattox was formed Clover Hill was chosen as the county seat and the town was renamed Appomattox Court House. In 1863 Wilmer McLean and his family left their Manassas, VA home for business purposes and moved to Appomattox Court House. Appomattox Court House

  25. Clover Hill Tavern

  26. Clover Hill Tavern BUILT: 1819 RESTORED: 1954 Description: 2 stories with full attic, 39'x23'. 4-bays with a full-length porch on South elevation. The porch is supported on brick foundation piers. Served travelers & stage line on the Richmond-Lynchburg Stage Road. After Lee's surrender, paroles for Confederates were printed in the downstairs rooms. Bar & dining room additions once flanked the tavern. Clover Hill Tavern

  27. Parole signed April 9, 1865 by Robert E. Lee and his staff, Library of Congress

  28. McLean’s House The McLean home in the village of Appomattox Court House, Virginia was used on April 9th, 1865 for the surrender meeting between General Robert E. Lee, C.S.A. and Lt. General Ulysses S. Grant, U.S.A. It was the only one with a parlor large enough to hold the meetings.

  29. Wilmer McLean's house was also used on April 10th for the Surrender Commissioners meeting, and over the next few days as the Headquarters of Major General John Gibbon, U.S.A. McLean’s House

  30. IV. Grant and Lee

  31. Grant was the modern man emerging; beyond him, ready to come on the stage was the great age of steel and machinery, of crowded cities and a restless burgeoning vitality . Lee might have ridden down from the old age of chivalry, lance in hand, silken banner fluttering over his head. Each man was the perfect champion for his cause, drawing both his strenghth and his weakness from the people he led. Grant and LeeGrant and Lee were in complete contrast

  32. Each man had, to begin with, the great _____ of utter tenacity and fidelity. Grant fought his way down the Mississippi Valley in spite of acute _________ discouragement and profound ________ handicaps. Lee hung on in the trench at Petersburg after hope itself had died. In each man there was an indomitable quality—the born fighter’s _______ to give up as long as he can still ________ on his feet and lift his two _______. Daring and resourcefulness they had, too: the ability to _______ faster and _______ faster than the enemy. These were the qualities which gave Lee the dazzling __________ of Second Manassas and Chancellorsville and _______ Vicksburg for Grant. These two great soldiers had much in common:

  33. Lastly, and perhaps greatest of all, there was the ability, at the end, to turn quickly from the ____ to ______ once the fighting was over. Out of the way these two men _______ at Appomattox came the possibility of a peace of ________________. It was a possibility not ________ realized, in the year to come, but which did, in the end, help the two ______ to become one nation again… after a war whose ____________ might have seemed to make such a _______ wholly impossible. No part of ______ man’s life became him more than the part he played in their ______ meeting in the McLean house at Appomattox. Grant and Lee

  34. V.Richmond Ruins of Richmond, National Archives

  35. After the war, Richmond was devastated. Much of its downtown was burned, allegedly by fleeing Confederates who wanted to keep its stores of weapons, and its warehouses full of tobacco, out of the victors' hands. Rebuilding, however, was quick, and the city's economy has remained among the strongest in the South. Today's Richmond is a remarkably elegant city, with an extensive inventory of architecturally significant older buildings alongside its modern office towers. Tobacco is still a major industry—machine-rolled cigarettes were invented here in the 1870s, and Marlboro-maker Phillip Morris runs a huge manufacturing plant just south of downtown. Richmond is also a leading banking center. V.Richmond

  36. VI.The Mexican War General Scott’s entrance into Mexico City

  37. The Mexican War (1846—1848) between the United States and Mexico began with a Mexican attack on American troops along the southern border of Texas on Apr. 25, 1846. Fighting ended when U.S. Gen. Winfield Scott occupied Mexico City on Sept. 14, 1847; a few months later a peace treaty was signed (Feb. 2, 1848) at Guadalupe Hidalgo. In addition to recognizing the U.S. annexation of Texas defeated Mexico ceded California and, New Mexico (including all the present-day states of the Southwest) to the United States. VI.The Mexican War

  38. Structure I.Purpose and approach(paras1-2) II.The Appomattox surrender(paras3-15) A.Lee’s decision to surrender(paras3-5) B.Lincoln’s vision(paras6-8) C.The surrender(paras9-15) Text Appreciation 3

  39. C.The surrender(paras9-15) 1.Lee’s anxiety about his fate on April 9 (paras9-11) 2.The way Lee and Grant were dressed (paras12-13) 3.Casual and friendly atmosphere between Lee and Grant (paras14-15) Text Appreciation 3

  40. III.The final surrender(paras16-22) A.Delicate situation after Appomattox (paras16-19) 1.Resistance of the South despite difficulties(para.16) 2.Twist of fate—Lincoln’s assassination(para17) 3.The Union Government in crisis(paras18-19) Text Appreciation 3

  41. B.The Bennett House Surrender(paras20-22) 1.Background(para20) 2.Sherman’s role(para21) 3.Johnson’s role(para22) Text Appreciation 3

  42. 1.every bit as…as: just as…as, eg. We need to be every bit as alert to the possibility as the police. 2.be caked with sth:to be covered with a layer of sth soft or wet that becomes thick and hard when it dries. 3.determinant: a decisive factor in a situation eg.Level of education is often a determinant of income. Language Study 4

  43. 4.confer with sb: discuss with sb(sth important) in order to make a decision eg.He always confers with his colleagues before reaching a decision. 5.loom large:to seem difficult to avoid eg.With the final exams approaching,fear of failure loomed large in the boy’s mind. 6.In effect:used to say that one thing has the same effect or result as sth else Language Study 4

  44. eg.What he said, in effect, was a flat refusal. 7.Defy logic/the odds:to go against sth The dying patient defied the odds and survived eventually. 8.behind sth:responsible for sth;the cause of sth eg.What’ s behind his overnight success? Language Study 4

  45. I. Oral work  II. Writing Extension 5

  46. What do you know about the Civil War? Can you list several famous novels or films about the Civil War? What are their themes? Why did U.S.A successfully avoid guerilla wars after the Civil War while many other countries or regions are still being troubled by them even this moment? How should we look at forgiveness and reconciliation vs vindictiveness and reprisal? Can we have just one and not the other? Where do we draw the line? I. Oral work

  47. Forgiveness and reconciliation should always be given priority. Peace can never be independent of war. Competition plays a more important role than cooperation in promoting the development of society. Topics for debating:

  48. Competition and Cooperation 1.Which is more important? 2.List two or three reasons to support your viewpoint. 3.End with a natural conclusion. II. Writing

  49. Thank You!

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