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Cultural Achievements of Ancient Egyptians

Explore the rich cultural heritage of the Ancient Egyptians, from their farming practices along the Nile River to the monumental pyramids they constructed. Learn about their religious beliefs, social structure, hieroglyphic writing, and historical periods.

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Cultural Achievements of Ancient Egyptians

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  1. Ancient Egyptians OBJECTIVE: Analyze the cultural achievements of the Ancient Egyptians.

  2. Environment • Nile River • flows north • longest in world • flooding provides silt • predictable • farming • wheat • barley • irrigation • travel & trade

  3. Environment • Nile River • worshipped by Egyptians as god who gave them life • East – land of living • sunrise • cities, temples • West – land of dead • sunset • tombs

  4. Environment • Deserts • lack of rain • Arabian • east of Nile • Libyan • west of Nile • both are part of Sahara • Villages & cities built along Nile River • first farming villages about 5000 BCE

  5. Quick Write • What are some geographical similarities between Egypt and Mesopotamia?

  6. Pschent Egypt Unites • Menes (Narmer) • King who united Upper & Lower Egypt into one kingdom • Double crown around 3000 BCE • Capital at Memphis Deshret of Lower Egypt Hedjet of Upper Egypt

  7. Ptolemy VI

  8. Pharaohs: God Kings • Theocracy • government in which rule is based on religious authority • Pharaohs • fully responsible for kingdom • religion • military • run government • promote justice & truth • believed to make sun rise

  9. Pharaohs: God Kings • Ka • eternal life force of king • continued after death • needs & pleasures must continue to be met

  10. Pharaohs: God Kings • Pyramids • final resting place • represent economic strength, technology & leadership of Egyptian civilization

  11. Religion • Polytheistic • more than 2000 gods & goddesses • believed in afterlife • Anubis • weighed each dead person’s heart • all classes prepared for burials • upper classes had great tombs • filled with clothes, gems, tools, art

  12. Ancient EgyptiansPart II OBJECTIVE: Analyze the cultural achievements of the Ancient Egyptians.

  13. Pyramids • built by peasants • Giza • completed about 2556 BCE

  14. Pyramid of Khufu • an almost perfect square (deviation .05%) • Orientation is exactly North, South, East, West • 2,300,000 blocks, almost 500 ft high • 20 years to build • Average block weighs 2.5 tons • Some weigh 9 tons!

  15. Social Classes • king, queen, family • wealthy landowners, gov’t officials, priests, army commanders • artisans & merchants • peasant farmers & laborers • largest • slaves from war

  16. Writing • Hieroglyphics • “sacred carving” • started with pictures • grew to resemble an alphabet • first on stone & clay • later papyrus

  17. Writing • The Rosetta Stone • discovered by Napoleon’s troops • 1799

  18. Calendar • Features: • 365 days • 12 months • 30 days each • 5 holidays • tracked: • flooding • planting • harvesting

  19. Artwork

  20. Art

  21. History • Old Kingdom • 2660-2160 BCE • ends with decline of pharaohs influence • civil wars

  22. History • Middle Kingdom • 2060-1750 BCE • strong pharaohs • restored order • improved irrigation, trade, transportation with canal from Nile to Red Sea • Hyksos invade • from Palestine • rule from 1630-1523 BCE

  23. History • New Kingdom • 1550-1070 BCE • Ahmose I expelled the invading Hyksos and reunited Egypt • Known as the Empire period

  24. History • New Kingdom • Militaristic & imperialistic nature • incorporated chariot, bronze, horses • development of a professional army • became a slave based economy fueled by war and expansion

  25. History • Ramses II • 1279-1213 BCE • greatest New Kingdom ruler • military leader of Egypt • expanded into southern Turkey • built many monuments to himself • last gasp of Egyptian power

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