North Africa/Southwest Asia

1. North Africa/Southwest Asia

2. Map exercise • Label the following places on the map:

3. Physical Landscape of North Africa • Dominated by the Sahara • Arab word for “desert” • Nearly the size of the United States • Dry climate with extreme temperatures • Sahel lies just south of Sahara • Transitional zone of semi-arid climate separating desert from tropical jungles • Northern coasts are fertile with moderate climate • Similar to southern California

5. Sahara Desert • 3 types of desert • Hamada – rough, rocky, and mountainous • Reg – rocky plain • Erg – large dunes with plentiful sand

6. erg • Hamada • Reg

7. Reg • erg • Hamada

8. Reg • erg • Hamada

9. Sahel

10. Journal (in notebook!!!)Importance of Water • Using what you know about the climate of North Africa, explain whether you think water would be an important resource in the region, and how you think people use/conserve/protect water.

11. Impact of Water • Source of most life on Earth, especially in North Africa • Largest cities are near the coast • More easily navigable than the Sahara

12. Nile River • Lifeline of much of eastern Africa • Floods bring fertile nutrients for agriculture and irrigation • 95% of Egyptians live within 12 miles of the Nile

15. Human-Environmental Interaction • Humans are damaging parts of Africa • Desertification is increasing due to farming and overgrazing of livestock

16. Pro and Con of Aswan High Dam Read Chapter 18 Section 3 on p.424-427. Do Key Terms and #3 on p.427 and fill in the above chart in your notebook.

17. Pro and Con Read Controlling the Nile on p.426-427 and fill in the above chart in your notebook.

18. Aswan High Dam • Completed in 1970 • Created Lake Nasser (Nasr) on border of Egypt and Sudan • Controls water flow of the Nile downstream (to the north)

20. Suez Canal • Connects Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea • Bypass for route around Africa • Completed in 1869 and is just over 100 miles long • Takes an average of 15 hours to navigate

22. Opinion • Which of the following is most beneficial and which is most detrimental to people? Explain in at least ½ page. • Desertification • Suez Canal • Aswan High Dam

23. Religion of North Africa • Because of its proximity to Europe and SW Asia, region has been conquered many times • Greeks and Romans from Europe • Muslims from Asia • Brought different religions and cultures

24. Today’s religions • Islam is the most common religion in North Africa • Judaism and Christianity are minorities

25. North Africa Today • Oil has transformed the region • 99% of Libya’s exports • Algeria is large supplier to Europe

26. Petroleum Products • Using the group packet, pick 1 product from each of the 12 categories which you could not live without. • Now, out of those 12, choose 3 • Now, out of those 3, choose the top product you could not live without • We’ll put your choices on the board.

27. Product Assignment • Create a pamphlet showing the following • Cover with your product • Brief description of your product • Graph of how many people could live with or without product (poll at least 10 people) • How is it made with oil • How could a similar product be made without oil

28. Southwest Asia • Like North Africa, climate is very dry • Arabian Peninsula covered by desert • Most other areas are semi-arid • 2 large peninsulas • Arabian • Anatolian

30. Rugged Terrain • More mountainous than North Africa • Zagros Mtns in Iran • Hindu Kush Mtns have helped isolate Afghanistan • Biggest factor in changing climate

31. Fertile Crescent • Tigris and Euphrates Rivers helped support ancient civilizations • Located in central Iraq

32. Dead Sea • Landlocked salt lake near Israel • 1,349 ft. below sea level (lowest on Earth)

33. Reader assignment • Group 1 • Read p.181-186 • Questions on p.187-188 • Group 2 • Read p.189-194 • Questions on p.195-196 • Group 3 • Read p.197-202 • Questions on p.203-204

34. Reader Assignment • Read your section(s) and create a summary to present to the class. Should be about ½ page in length.

35. Oil from the sand • In your notebook, write a fact you learn from the presentation.

36. Islam changes desert culture • In your notebook, write a fact you learn from the presentation.

37. Governments change hands & Oil dominates the economy • In your notebook, write a fact you learn from the presentation.

38. Modern Arabic life • In your notebook, write a fact you learn from the presentation.

39. Religious holy places & A history of unrest • In your notebook, write a fact you learn from the presentation.

40. Modernizing economics & Modern life • In your notebook, write a fact you learn from the presentation.

41. A blend of cultures & Clashes over land; Clashes over leadership • In your notebook, write a fact you learn from the presentation.

42. New industry requires more workers • In your notebook, write a fact you learn from the presentation.

43. Political refugees face challenges • In your notebook, write a fact you learn from the presentation.

44. Today’s issues • Many countries in the region today are in periods of transition • “Arab Spring,” which began about 2 years ago, began in Tunisia • Within months, Egypt, Libya, and Bahrain were showing signs of uprising against their leaders.

45. Syrian Violence • A civil war has engulfed Syria for the past year • President Basher al-Assad has refused to step down and guerilla warfare has resulted

46. Iran • Iran saw a change in government (revolution) in 1979 to an Islamic theocracy • Ayatollah Khomeini seized power and became supreme ruler • President is elected (Mahmoud Ahmadinejad)

47. Afghanistan • Taliban has tried to seize control over country after losing power in 2001 • Controls some areas, but many Afghans oppose their hardline Sharia Law.