Reconstruction Study for your Reconstruction Quiz

1. Reconstruction Study for your Reconstruction Quiz

2. Starter 9/23 Answer these questions beginning on page 261 • How many casualties were suffered during the Civil War? • Describe the impact of the photograph on the Civil War. • Define “Gilded Age” • Describe the war’s impact on the South. • What challenges did southern whites and blacks face? • How did the war shape the role of the federal government? I’m coming to check books if you didn’t finish write a statement and explain why! Today we have oodles to cover! We can’t slow down!

3. Due Wednesday, September 24 Vocabulary Chapter 12 • Thirteenth Amendment (Chapter 11) • Andrew Johnson • Reconstruction • Radical Republicans • Freedman’s Bureau • Black codes • Fourteenth Amendment • Fifteenth Amendment • Scalawags • Carpetbaggers • Hiram Revels • Sharecropping • Tenant Farming • Ku Klux Klan • Redemption • Rutherford B. Hayes • Compromise of 1877

4. Homework • Study for Test! • Vocabulary (17 words) expect a quiz on Thursday • Read pgs 289-295 and answer questions

5. Homework Questions • What issues took voters’ minds off Reconstruction? (289) • How did the Supreme Court limit the rights of African Americans? (290) • Who were the “Redeemers” and how did they implement their plan? (290) • Describe the events that led to the Compromise of 1877. (292) • What effects did Reconstruction have on the rights of African Americans and women?(293) • What transitions occurred in the political party system? (295)

6. Review from yesterday

7. Objectives • 3.04 Analyze the political, economic, and social impact of Reconstruction on the nation and identify the reasons why Reconstruction came to an end. • 3.05 Evaluate the degree to which the Civil War and Reconstruction proved to be a test of the supremacy of the national government

8. Lincoln Assassinated • Five days after the Civil War ended, Lincoln was assassinated while watching a play at Ford’s Theater in Washington, DC • His assassin was John Wilkes Booth, an actor and Southern sympathizer • Booth escaped and was found days later in a barn • Lincoln was the first president to be assassinated • Vice President Andrew Johnson became President

9. Reconstruction • Reconstruction was the time period after the Civil War in which the nation was rebuilt, especially the South • The South was physically destroyed • The South was also economically & politically destroyed • What would all of these freed slaves do?

10. Radical Republicans • During Reconstruction, a group called the Radical Republicans controlled Congress • They wanted to destroy the power of former slaveholders • They wanted African Americans to have full citizenship, including suffrage (the right to vote) • The Radical Republican Congress passed many laws that helped African Americans gain rights

11. 13th Amendment • The 13th Amendment outlawed slavery in America • Many former slaves were reunited with their families • Many became sharecroppers or tenant farmers • Sharecroppers: farmers who worked someone else’s land & gave at least ½ of the profit to the landowner at harvest time • People in the North called sharecropping the “continuation of slavery” • Tenant Farmers: Rented the land and kept the profit from the harvest

12. Reconstruction Plans

13. How to implement Reconstruction? • Different groups had different ideas on how to rebuild • There was a huge debate as to whether it was the President’s job or the job of Congress to implement Reconstruction

14. Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan

15. Johnson’s Plan (Presidential Reconstruction)

16. Reconstruction Act of 1867 (Congressional Reconstruction)

18. Freedmen’s Bureau • During Reconstruction, Congress approved the passage of the Freedmen’s Bureau • It assisted former slaves and poor Southern whites by distributing food and clothes, and establishing hospitals, teacher training programs, schools, and industrial institutions

19. Carpetbaggers • Carpetbaggers were Northerners who came to the South during Reconstruction to take advantage of the turmoil in the South • Many came for humanitarian reasons, like to be teachers or work for the Freedmen’s Bureau • Some came to start businesses and take advantage of Southern poverty

20. Scalawags • Scalawags were Southerners who became members of the Republican party • Southerners were Democrats during the Civil War • To become a member of the Republican party meant you were a traitor

21. Look in your book: • Carpetbagger cartoon on page 279 • Cycle of sharecropping on page 284

22. Important Reconstruction Legislation • Civil Rights Act of 1866- gave African Americans citizenship and forbade states from passing discriminatory laws (called black codes) • 14th Amendment- made all people born or naturalized in the U.S. citizens. Also gave citizens equal protection under the law • 15th Amendment- no one could be denied the right to vote because of race, color or previous condition of servitude

23. Conflict between the President and Congress • With the passage of the Reconstruction Act of 1867, Congress was in charge of implementing Reconstruction • Andrew Johnson did not agree that Congress should be in charge • Johnson fired the Secretary of War, who was a Radical Republican • This violated the Tenure in Office Act, which limited the power of the President to hire & fire government officials

24. Johnson Impeached • Led by Radical Republican, Thaddeus Steven, Congress voted to impeach Johnson • He was found not guilt by one vote • Johnson did not run for re-election

25. Ulysses S. Grant becomes President • Former Union General, Ulysses S. Grant, was elected President of the United States • He was a good general, but not a good politician • His administration was plagued with corruption

26. Democrats Come to Power • With the efforts of the KKK, the Democrats came to power again in the South • This time period is known as “redemption” • Democrats controlled the state governments in the South • They also gained power in Congress

27. Compromise of 1877 • The Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction • In the election of 1876, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was elected President by one electoral vote • Instead of the Democrats making a big issue out of the election results, they made a deal with the Republicans • The Democrats would allow Hayes to stay President, if the Republicans would pull the military out of the South

28. Rutherford B. Hayes

29. What group made up the majority of Southern Republicans? African American men who could vote for the first time

30. Six (6) ways the lives of Southern African Americans changed during reconstruction. • Searched for loved ones • Went to school • Able to hold paying jobs • Established churches • Could travel freely • They could run for political office & vote

31. Hiram Revels, 1st African American Senator

32. What is meant by the phrase “40 acres and a mule”? (390) • General Sherman promised freed slaves who followed his army 40 acres per family and use of an army mule • Some actually received this as payment • Today, this has come to imply that African American deserve payment (reparations) for the work their ancestors did for this country as slaves

33. What were the goals of the KKK? • To restore white supremacy • To prohibit African Americans from exercising their rights as citizens * • To terrorize those who wanted progress for African Americans

34. What were the failures of Reconstruction? • Discrimination and racist attitudes still existed • Jim Crow laws established (segregation laws; laws that separated the races) • Examples: literacy tests, poll taxes, Grandfather clause

35. What were the successes of Reconstruction? • The 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments gave rights to African Americans • African Americans established churches, school, and civic organizations

36. Test tomorrow! • Get into Olympic groups!