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09/14/12 “Cell Study Guide” P. 49

09/14/12 “Cell Study Guide” P. 49. Sponge: P. 96-98: 1. Explain what happens during the cell cycle. During the cell cycle a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides into two daughter cells. 2. Explain the difference between interphase and cytokinesis.

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09/14/12 “Cell Study Guide” P. 49

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  1. 09/14/12 “Cell Study Guide” P. 49 Sponge: P. 96-98: 1. Explain what happens during the cell cycle. During the cell cycle a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides into two daughter cells. 2. Explain the difference between interphase and cytokinesis. During interphase the cell grows and copies DNA, while during cytokinesis the cell divides into two new cells.

  2. Cell Review • 1. osmosis-diffusion of water. • 2. diffusion-movement of a substance from high to low concentration. • 3. semi-permeable membrane- allows certain substances to pass through the cell membrane. • 4. photosynthesis-plants make food from sunlight. • 5. cellular respiration-cell makes energy, ATP. • 6. endocytosis-uses energy to move things into the cell. • 7. exocytosis-uses energy to move things out of the cell

  3. Cell Review • 8. prokaryotic-A cell without a nucleus. • 9. eukaryotic-A cell with a nucleus. • 10. homeostasis-balance of internal environment. • 11. similarities- they both move substances from high to low concentration. • Differences-osmosis is the diffusion of only water. • 12. Active transport uses energy to move substances, passive does not. • 13. chloroplast, food=sugar, oxygen • 14. mitochondria, energy=ATP, carbon dioxide • 15. large vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall

  4. Cell Review • 16. ask a question, hypothesis, experiment, analyze data, draw conclusion, share results • 17. lightning and run • 18. OGRRs, Organized structure, growth & development, reproduction, and response to surroundings • 19. WAFLS, water, air, food, living space, and shelter • 20. cell=bacteria, tissues=muscle, organ=brain, organ system=nervous system, organism=me

  5. Cell Review

  6. Cell Review • Cell wall-structure and support • chloroplast=food from sunlight • Cytoplasm-fills out the cell • Mitochondria-makes energy, ATP • Nucleus-controls the cell • Ribosome-make proteins • Lysosome-food grinder • Vacuole-stores food, water, & waste • Golgi bodies-sends proteins throughout the cell. • Endoplasmic reticulum-transports proteins • Cell membrane-controls what goes in and out of the cell.

  7. Cell Test Essay Questions • 5 Points: How is the function of the cell membrane and cytoplasm involved in maintaining an organized structure? • 10Points: How is the function of the mitochondria, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, vacuole, and chloroplast involved in maintaining growth and development? • 5 Points: How is the function of DNA involved in maintaining reproduction? • 5 Points: How is the function of the nucleus and cell membrane involved in maintaining a response to surroundings?

  8. 03/30/12 “Cell City” pg 229 Sponge: P. 64 & 65: 1. Why do plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplast and animal cells do not? They have a cell wall and chloroplast because they can’t move to escape the weather and find food. 2. Why is the vacuole of a plant cell so much larger than an animal cell? Plant cells have to store water because they can’t go find water.

  9. “Cell City” • Cell theory • Endoplasmic reticulum • Cell membrane • Organelles • DNA • Nucleus • Mitochondria • Ribosomes • Cells • chloroplast • cytoplasm • cell wall • Proteins • vacuoles

  10. “Cell City” • Uses materials to put things together • Moves things around the city • Makes energy to run the city • Makes food for the people • Recycles the cities waste • Tells the rest of the city how to function • Stores food water and waste • Controls what goes in and out of the city

  11. “Cell City” • Ribosomes • Endoplasmic reticulum • Mitochondria • Chloroplast • Lysosome • Nucleus • Vacuoles • Cell membrane or cell wall

  12. 04/09/12 “Gummy Bear Lab” pg 231 Sponge: 1. How are the doors and windows of a classroom similar to a cell membrane? A cell membrane controls what goes in and out of cell like the doors and windows controls what comes in and out of the classroom. 2. If more of a needed material is outside a cell than inside a cell, which direction will the substance move? Why? It will move inside the cell because it will move from high to low concentration.

  13. “Gummy Bear Hypothesis” If we put a gummy bear in water over night it will get bigger or smaller because like a cell it is semi-permeable and will allow water to move into the cell during a process called osmosis. Osmosis is like diffusion, which occurs when a substance moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

  14. 04/10/12 “Gummy Bear Lab 2” pg 233 Sponge: P. 84: 1. Would driving a car be a form of passive or active transport? Explain. Active transport, because driving a car requires energy. 2. Would flying a glider be a form of passive or active transport? Explain. Passive transport, because it doesn’t require energy.

  15. Cells Vocabulary & Levels of Organization (glue to pg. 20) Take five minutes to read over “Life under the Microscope” and then find the correct term for the definitions on the inside of your sheet. Remember to use good reading strategies as you read!

  16. Level 1: Cells • Smallest working unit of living things. • May serve a specific function/job within an organism, or may live alone (unicellular). • Ex: bone cells, cartilage cells, red blood cells.

  17. Level 2: Tissues(No, not THAT kind of tissue!) • Made up of cells that are similar in structure/function that work together to perform a specific function or job. • Ex: Humans have FOUR basic tissues: connective (fat, cartilage, bone, blood); epithelial (skin), nervous and muscular

  18. Level 3: Organs • Made of tissues that work together to perform a specific activity. • Ex: lungs, heart, stomach, brain. What other organs can you think of?

  19. Level 4: Organ Systems Groups of one or more organsworking together to perform specific functions for the organism. Our human body has 11 organ systems. Can you name them?

  20. Level 5: Organism • Entire living things that carry out all basic life functions. Meaning… they are made of cells, share similar chemicals, can take in and use energy, grow and develop, reproduce, and sense and respond to changes in their surroundings. They’re ALIVE!

  21. Organisms are usually made up of many cells but some organisms can be made up of only one cell such as bacteria.

  22. “Squirrel of Organization” In each circle, draw a colorful representative picture to match that specific level. For example, in the circle labeled “cell”, draw a picture of a specific type of cell you might find in a squirrel.

  23. Objective: To determine the structure and function of cell organelles. Bell work: List in order the levels of organization and provide an example of each. 8/23/11 Cell Structure & Function pg 19

  24. Cell Organelle Graphic Organizer glue to pg 20 The cell theory tells us that… • All living things are made up of cells • Cells are the smallest working units of all living things • All cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division

  25. What is a Cell? Cell: the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

  26. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

  27. Prokaryotic • Do not have organelles with membranes • Simple one-celled organisms - Bacteria ONLY! • I like to say “PRO?”“NO!” (NO nucleus, NO organelles)

  28. Eukaryotic • Contain organellessurrounded by membranes • Complex organisms - most living things • For this, I like to say “EU?” “TRUE!” (TRUE nucleus, TRUE organelles) Plant Animal

  29. Let’s Compare…

  30. Make your own analogy! For each organelle on the following slides, think of a picture analogy that will help you to remember the organelle and what it does! You will draw this in the last column of your organizer. The first one is already done for you!

  31. Cell Membrane All Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells Structure: • Located on outside of cell. • Made of phospholipid bilayer: phosphates and lipids (fats) Function: - Determines what goes in/out of cell - Protects and supports cell

  32. Cytoplasm All Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells Structure: Jelly-like material found inside cell membrane Function: Supports and protects cell’s organelles. Contains some nutrients for cell.

  33. Nucleus/Nucleolus/DNA Nucleus ONLY in Eukaryotes (Free-floating DNA in Prokaryotes) Structure: • Has a nuclear membraneto allow materials in and out • Contains genetic material – DNA (chromosomes) which contain instructions for traits • Contains dark central ball called the nucleolus (makes ribosomes) Function: Directs cell activities.

  34. Ribosomes All Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells Structure: • Not bound by a membrane • Cell contains thousands. - Found on endoplasmic reticulum & freely floating throughout cell Function: Make protein

  35. Mitochondria Eukaryotic cells only Structure: Rod shaped and found throughout cell Function: - “Powerhouse” of cell - Produces energy from sugar through chemical reactions (Cellular Respiration)

  36. Chloroplast Eukaryotic PLANT cells only Structure: - Found in plant cells - Contains green chlorophyll Function: Photosynthesis uses sunlight to make sugar for plant

  37. Golgi Bodies/Complex/Apparatus All Eukaryotic Cells Structure: Made of 5-8 sacs Function: - Processes and packages proteins & lipids - Move materials within the cell and out of the cell in small sac called “vesicle”

  38. Endoplasmic Reticulum All Eukaryotic Cells Structure: - Series of tubes and sacs - Smooth: without ribosomes - Rough: with ribosomes Function: Transports proteins and breaks down drugs in the cell

  39. Lysosome All Eukaryotic Cells Structure: Vesicle built by the Golgi bodies Function: - Digests excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria. - “Disposal” of the cell

  40. Vacuole All Eukaryotic Cells Structure: • Large & few (plant cell) • Small & many (animal cell) - Contains water Function: - Help plants maintain shape - Storage, digestion, & waste removal

  41. Cell Wall All Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic PLANT cells only Structure: Rigid wall found only in plant cells & bacteria cells Function: Supports & protects cells

  42. How many can you remember?

  43. Left Side Homework Write the following directions in your own words: Pick your favorite organelle from our lesson today, and draw that organelle as a superhero comic book character performing it’s job. Creativity, coloring, and the job it performs will all be factors in your grade!

  44. 8/24/11 Bacteria, Plant and Animal Cells pg 21 Objective: To identify the locations of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell organelles. Bell work:Why is the location of the nucleus important to the function of the cell?

  45. Glue Cells Sheet to pg 22Now, let’s look at the Bacteria Cell: Color the key (the squares) of the bacteria cell sheet using the color coding provided. 1. Cell Membrane - purple 2. Cytoplasm - white 3. DNA: free-floating in Bacteria Cells (no nucleus) – orange 4. Ribosome - black 5. Cell Wall – light green

  46. For both the Plant & Animal Cells Color the key (the squares) of BOTH the plant and animal cells using the color coding provided. 1. Cell Membrane - purple 2. Cytoplasm - white • Nucleus (including Nuclear Membrane, Nucleolus and Chromosomes/DNA (4/5) are not shown but are still present in plant cells – orange 6. Ribosome - black 7. Mitochondria - red 8. Vacuole – light blue 9. Golgi Body - yellow 10. Endoplasmic Reticulum - dark blue 11. Lysosome - pink ** Unique to Plant Cells: 12. Chloroplast – dark green 13. Cell Wall – light green

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