Week of October 1 st 2018

1. Activity 6 – Cellular Respiration Activity 9 – Pitfall Traps Writing a Lab Report Week of October 1st2018 Ver 1.9. Last update 10/5/2018 4:20:25 PM

2. Field Trip – Huntley Meadows ParkSaturday October 6th 9 a.m. 3701 Lockheed Blvd Alexandria VA https://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/parks/huntley-meadows

3. Molecules and Processes of Life – Activity 6 – Cellular Respiration and the Effect of Pollutants on its Rate

4. Cellular respiration • Process by which energy in food molecules is converted into a form the cell can use (ATP). C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O (+ ATPs)

5. Part A – Effect of Carbohydrates • Prepare 2 tubes: • One with a carbohydrate source. • One without a carbohydrate source. • Cellular respiration rate is expressed by gas volume produced. • WE ARE USING DIFFERENT TUBES THAN THOSE DESCRIBED IN THE LAB MANUAL. NOTE: The fermentation tubes cost ~$30 each and are fragile. Please exercise extreme caution when using and washing them!

6. INSTEAD of the setup shown in Fig. 6.1, we are using fermentation tubes, which look like this:

7. Manipulate tubes to minimize gas in the closed end of the tube, so that it looks like this: • Set up fermentation tubes: • Tube 1: • Mix 1.25 mL yeast + 13 mL warm water in 25 mL beaker and then pour into tube #1. • Tube 2: • Thoroughly mix 1.25 mL yeast + 1.25 mL sugar in 25mL beaker, then add 13 mL warm water to beaker and mix and then pour into tube 2.

8. Over time, as cellular respiration proceeds and produces the product CO2 gas, it will accumulate in the closed tip of the tube. • You can measure the volume of the gas using the graduations on the tube.

9. Table 6.1. Gas(CO2)volume (mL) at 1 minute intervals for 10 minutes for centrifuge tube containing yeast and water versus centrifuge tube containing yeast, water and sugar • Record individual group data for volume of gas present in each tube (w/ and w/o sugar) at oneminute intervals for period of 10 minutes.

10. Part B – Effect of Pollutant • Repeat the process with a third fermentationtube with an added pollutant (1.25 mL). • The cellular respiration rate will be expressed by the volume of gas produced.

11. Data to Record • Write down volume of gas present in tube with pollutant at 1 min intervals for period of 10 min in Table 6.2. Table 6.2. Gas(CO2)volume (mL) at 1 minute intervals for 10 minutes for 6 centrifuge tubes, each containing yeast, water, sugar, and one of six simulated pollutants

12. Data to Record • Record individual and group data for cellular respiration rate (gas production in mL/min). Table 6.3. Total volume of CO2 produced and cellular respiration rate (mL/min) for 8 combinations of yeast, water, sugar, and simulated pollutant

13. Diversity of Life – Activity 9 – Pitfall Traps

14. Retrieve traps. • If trap contained LIVE organisms, place bag(s) into freezer for ~5 minutes. • Place into petri dish, observe with dissecting microscope and count and identify organisms. • Record data in Table 9.1.

15. If your trap contained no arthropods or was filled with water, use two containers each containing a collection of photos representing arthropods caught in a trap. Count and identify organisms, recording data in Table 9.1.

16. How to identify organisms • Identify organisms by type: • i.e. bee, ant, beetle, fly, spider, etc. • If multiple distinct types, e.g. two spider types, use spider 1 and spider 2. • If it can’t be identified, call it “unknown”. • Count number of organisms (=absolute abundance) of each type. • Calculate relative abundance of each organism (ni/N).

17. Table 9.1. Organism type, absolute abundance and relative abundance for organisms in the two pitfall traps in group quadrat

18. Ds = 1 – ((Σni(ni-1))/(N(N-1))) • Calculate Simpson’s Diversity Index. • For previous example data it would be: • 1 – ((2(2-1))+(1(1-1))+(3(3-1))+(5(5-1))+(2(2-1))) / (13(13-1)). Table 9.2. Simpson’s Diversity Index for two pitfall trap samples per lab group

19. Writing a Lab Report

20. Formal Lab Report Project Timeline

21. Writing a Lab Report • Goal: introduce writing style used to present the process and results of scientific experimentation. • Read activities in lab manual structured similar to scientific papers. • Complete “Scientific Paper Tutorial On-line Assignment.” • Review expected content and format. • Read “Writing a Lab Report” section in lab manual. • Read grading rubric (will be available on Blackboard). • Participate in peer-review process to evaluate lab reports (you will be graded on participating in this process, but your peer’s evaluation will not affect your final grade.)

22. Writing a Lab Report • Data and observations will be made available, but the formal lab report must be the independent work of each student. • You are required to submit an electronic copy of your report. • That copy will be checked against a database for plagiarism. If you have any doubt what constitutes plagiarism, please ask.

23. Honor Code • Do not copy each other's graphs, figures, tables, illustrations or any written portion of the formal lab report. • Anyone who engages in this activity will be considered to be in violation of the Honor Code and will be subject to its process and consequences. • Please visit the GMU Office of Academic Integrity website athttp://oai.gmu.edu/the-mason-honor-code/to make sure that you understand the Honor Code and the consequences of violating it.

24. Week of October 22nd: Peer Review • During lab, you will review two of your classmates’ reports. • Purpose of peer-review process is to provide you with the opportunities to: • Evaluate and understand the formal lab report grading rubric prior to being graded; • See examples of different lab reports; • Give feedback to improve lab reports. • Peer-reviewed evaluations will not be part of lab report grade. Participation in peer-review process is however worth 12 points (4%) of lab report grade.

25. Week of November 5th: Lab reports due BEFORE lab! • LATE SUBMISSIONS WILL NOT ACCEPTED. • MUST be submitted via BlackBoard – e-mailed reports not accepted. • Must by in .doc or .docxformat. • Grading policy: • Lab report will be graded strictly! See grading rubric on BlackBoard.

26. Week of December 3rd: Lab Reports Graded • Peer-review participation = 12 points (4%) of lab grade. • Peer-review report grades = will not count. • Formal lab report grade = 57.25 points (19.08%) of lab grade.

27. Essential Parts of a Scientific paper • Title –Describe core contents of paper. • Abstract –Summarize major elements of paper. • Introduction –Provide context and rationale for study. • Methods –Describe experimental design and procedures so anyone could reproduce your experiment. • Results –Summarize findings, without interpretation. • Discussion –Interpret findings of study. • Literature Cited –List all scientific papers, books and websites you used.

28. Title • Example • Be descriptive, but concise: • Aerially Applied Diflubenzuron on Decomposition Rate and Litter Arthropods in Prince William County, Virginia” • NOT • “Report on Bugs in Leaves”, “Formal Lab Report for EVPP 110” or • “Cellular Respiration Lab Report”

29. Abstract

30. Introduction

31. Methods

32. Results

33. Discussion

34. Discussion

35. Literature Cited

36. General

37. Optional: Guides to Writing Scientific Articles eeltown.org/how-to-write-a-lab-report-for-evpp-110/ journaleditorsusa.com/resources/science_writing_workshop.pdf

38. What’s Due PowerPoint available at: https://eeltown.org/evpp-110