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Cell Structures

Cell Structures. By: Amber Tharpe. Cell Theory. All living things are made of cells Cells are the smallest unit of life Cells come from other living cells. All Cells have 3 Things. DNA Cytoplasm Cell membrane. Two Main Types of Cells. Prokaryotic. Eukaryotic. Has a “true nucleus”

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Cell Structures

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  1. Cell Structures By: Amber Tharpe

  2. Cell Theory • All living things are made of cells • Cells are the smallest unit of life • Cells come from other living cells

  3. All Cells have 3 Things • DNA • Cytoplasm • Cell membrane

  4. Two Main Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Has a “true nucleus” DNA is housed there Has membrane-bound organelles Single or multicellular Plants, animals, fungi, and protists • No nucleus • DNA floats in cytoplasm • No membrane-bound organelles • All single-celled • Bacteria and Archaea

  5. Cytoplasm • Jelly-like substance that cushions and protects the cell

  6. Plasma membrane • Double-layered membrane that surrounds cells • Controls what goes in and out of the cell

  7. Organelles • Structures that perform specific jobs in the cell • Surrounded by membranes

  8. Nucleus • Round organelle in the center of cell • Houses the DNA • Controls the activities of the cell

  9. Nucleolus • Found inside the nucleus • Makes ribosomes

  10. Cytoskeleton • Made of protein fibers • Provide structure and allow for movement

  11. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Network of folded membranes with spaces between • Extension of the nuclear envelope • Delivers lipids and proteins to the Golgi • Two types • Smooth- without ribosomes • makes lipids • Rough- studded with ribosomes • modifies proteins

  12. Ribosomes • Proteins are made here • Found on rough ER and free floating in cytoplasm

  13. Golgi Apparatus • Aka Golgi body or Golgi complex • Close network of membranes and vesicles pinch off of it • Processes, packages, and ships proteins • Like UPS

  14. Vesicle • Small membrane-bound sacs that transport substances in the cell

  15. Mitochondria • Make energy for the cell in the form of ATP • Known as the “powerhouse” of the cell • Bean-shaped with folded inner membrane

  16. Vacuole • Fluid-filled sac used for storing materials • Plant cells • Central vacuole for water storage

  17. Lysosomes • Contain enzymes used for digestion • Break down and recycle old cell parts

  18. Centrioles • Involved in cell division • Only found in animal cells

  19. Cilia- in some cells • Small hairlike projections • Allow for movement • Not found in all cells • Found in paramecium and in respiratory tract

  20. Flagella- in some cells • Tail-like projections • Allow for movement • Found in sperm

  21. Flagellum

  22. Cell Wall • Found in plants, fungi, and bacteria • Found outside the cell membrane • Provides protection and shape to the cell

  23. Chloroplast • Only found in plant cells • Contain chlorophyll • Involved in photosynthesis for plants

  24. Cell Membrane By: Amber Tharpe

  25. Cell Membrane Other names Plasma membrane

  26. Cell membrane 2 layers of phospholipids Outer flexible boundary of cell Controls what goes in and out of the cell Selectively permeable Allows some things to cross, while not allowing others

  27. Phospholipids 2 main parts Head Phosphate Polar (slightly charged) Hydrophilic- loves water Tail 2 fatty acid chains Nonpolar (not charged) Hydrophobic- hates water

  28. Transport Proteins Act as channels to help materials cross

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