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Learn about the expansion of rights for English subjects and early self-government in the colonies. Explore the Magna Carta, changes in Parliament, the Mayflower Compact, and colonial representative assemblies.
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Lesson 5.2: Roots of Representative Government Today we will trace the expansion of the rights of English subjects and discuss early self-government in the colonies.
Vocabulary • trace – follow a sequence of events in chronological order • compact – a legal agreement; a contract • bicameral – describes a legislative body with two houses or branches • assembly – group of people brought together to perform a function, especially to make laws
Check for Understanding • What are we going to do today? • How would someone trace your movements through the day? • How many houses are in a bicameral legislature? • What is the job of the the state assembly in Sacramento?
What We Already Know In 1215, a group of English barons forced the English King John to sign the Magna Carta, a document which limited his powers and protected their privileges.
What We Already Know Since the voyages of Columbus, Europeans had begun establishing colonies in North America.
What We Already Know In 1620, the Mayflowerwas blown off course and landed off Cape Cod on the Massachusetts coast (instead of Virginia, where they were supposed to go) and established an English colony called Plymouth. 0
The Magna Carta (1215) • The king’s powers were limited • Free men’s property rights protected • Taxation only with the consent of a council of prominent men • No trial without witnesses • Trial by jury of peers • Over time, these rights were extended to all Englishmen.
Changes in Parliament • Parliament was the group that made laws for the English people. • Parliament was bicameral, and it consisted of a House of Lords and a House of Commons. • Members of the noble class inherited seats in the House of Lords. • Ordinary Englishmen were given the right to elect members to the House of Commons.
7. What were four rights granted by the Magna Carta? • Protection against being taxed without the consent of a council of leading men • Right to own firearms • Protection against their property being seized by the king or his officials • Freedom of the press. • Trial by a jury of their peers • Trial based on witnesses, not merely accusations of officials. Choose all that are true!
9. How did Parliament serve as a model for colonial governments, and for Congress later? • It was an elected, bicameral legislative body. • All citizens participated in making new laws. • Its members were appointed by the king. • It had veto power over the executive branch.
The Mayflower Compact • For the sake of order, the men aboard the Mayflowersigned an agreement called the Mayflower Compact in 1620. • In it, they vowed to obey laws agreed upon for the good of the colony. • The Mayflower Compact helped establish the idea of self-government and majority rule.
Colonial Representative Assemblies • The king and Parliament were too far away to manage every detail of the colonies, and English colonists wanted to have a say in making the laws that governed them. • Colonists were allowed to elect men to colonial assemblies, which could make laws to govern the colonies.
Colonial Representative Assemblies • Virginia’s House of Burgesses was the first colonial assembly, but the assemblies’ power was limited . • Their laws only had power within their colonies, and these laws had to be approved by the governor, who usually was appointed by the king. • Colonists could not elect representatives to Parliament, so they had no input on new laws. • Colonists disliked some of the laws that affected the colonies, and they also began to clash with royal governors.
10. How was representative government limited in the colonies? • The English king and Parliament still had power over colonial assemblies. • Colonial assemblies had to submit all their laws to the king for approval. • Only members of Parliament could serve in the colonial assemblies. • Only landowners could serve in the colonial assemblies.
13. In what two ways could the royal governor stop the colonial assembly from making laws he disliked? • He had final approval on all laws passed by the colonial assembly. • He appointed all the members of the colonial assembly. • He could dismiss the colonial assembly to prevent them from passing laws. • He conducted all the trials in the colony and could influence the jury's verdict. Be sure to choose TWO that are true!
Edmund Andros • 1685 – New king James II cracked down on colonial smuggling. • James created Dominion of New England by combining Massachusetts with other New England colonies.
Edmund Andros • James II appointed Andros as governor of the Dominion. • Andros angered colonists by shutting down colonial assemblies and by suspending jury trials. • When colonists protested their loss of rights by refusing to pay their taxes, Andros had them jailed.
The English Bill of Rights • Parliament overthrew James II in 1688, and replaced him with his daughter Mary and her husband, William of Orange. • William and Mary agreed to the English Bill of Rights, which built upon the Magna Carta and strengthened the rights of the people.
The English Bill of Rights • No laws cancelled or taxes imposed without the consent of Parliament • Free elections and frequent meetings of Parliament to be held • No excessive fines or cruel punishments • People could complaining to the king in Parliament without fear of arrest The Bill of Rights established the important principle of the government being based on laws made by Parliament, not on the desires of a ruler.
8. What do The Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights, and the Mayflower Compact have in common? • All were laws created to expand the power of the king of England. • All were laws created by the English Parliament. • All gave the people more protection against the king's power. • All served as models for the Constitution's Bill of Rights.
The English Bill of Rights • In Boston, after hearing that James had fallen, American colonists arrested Andros and Parliament restored their colonial assemblies. • Royal governors could still veto laws passed by the assemblies, but they paid the governor’s salary. • If a governor blocked the assembly, the assembly might refuse to pay him.
Salutary Neglect • During the first half of the 1700s, England interfered very little in colonial affairs. • Parliament passed laws but they were rarely enforced in the colonies. • During this period of salutary neglect, colonists got used to acting on their own.
The Zenger Trial • In 1735, newspaper publisher John Peter Zenger was on trial for printing criticism of New York’s governor. • Zenger’s lawyer argued that people had the right to speak the truth. The jury agreed, and he was released. • The Zenger trial helped establish the freedom of the press to print the truth.
11. How did England’s policies toward the colonies change after the Glorious Revolution? • England gave the colonies much more self-government. • England made Catholicism the official religion of the colonies. • The new monarchs strengthened the rights of all citizens, both at home and in the colonies. • England began allowing the colonies to send representatives to Parliament.
12. What is salutary neglect? • A period of time in which colonial assemblies were banned by Parliament. • A period of time in which Parliament raised taxes dramatically on trade in the colonies. • A period of time in which the English king lost more and more power to Parliament. • A period of time in which England did not interfere much in colonial affairs.
14. What right grew from the trial of John Peter Zenger? • Religious freedom • Freedom from self-incrimination • Freedom of the press • Protection from illegal search and seizure
