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The Roaring 20’s

The Roaring 20’s. Goal 9 (Part 1). Post WWI. Anti-Immigrants Immigration began to increase after WWI Americans fear of immigrants taking jobs People also afraid immigrants have radical political ideas US sees increase in idea of Nativism “Keep America for Americans”

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The Roaring 20’s

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  1. The Roaring 20’s Goal 9 (Part 1)

  2. Post WWI • Anti-Immigrants • Immigration began to increase after WWI • Americans fear of immigrants taking jobs • People also afraid immigrants have radical political ideas • US sees increase in idea of Nativism • “Keep America for Americans” • Groups like the KKK take the lead • KKK against blacks, Catholics, Jews, foreign-born people, etc. • Quota System • US begins limiting immigration • Only allowed limited numbers of immigrants from certain countries (mostly Eastern & Southern Europe)

  3. Continued • Anti-Communism • Red Scare • Communists called for world-wide revolution to abolish capitalism • 70,000 join Communist Party in America • Palmer Raids • Attorney General Mitchell Palmer goes after Communists • Hunted down Communists & anarchists who opposed gov’t • Failed to turn up evidence of revolution conspiracy

  4. Sacco and Venzetti • 1920 • Arrested and charged with Robbery and Murder • Based on witness speculation (said Italians were involved) • Circumstantial evidence • Found Guilty and sentenced to Death • Protests occur against unfair treatment of immigrants

  5. Americans convicted Sacco and Vanzetti on circumstantial evidence. Later, most Americans Were unsure of their guilt.

  6. Politics • US moves towards isolationism after WWI (ex – League of Nations) • Warren G. Harding wins election of 1920- “Normalcy” • World still affected by WWI Kellogg-Briand Pact, 1929 (renounces aggressive war, prohibiting the use of war as "an instrument of national policy" except in matters of self-defense ) • US implemented Fordney-McCumber Tariff • US tries to collect on War loans made to France and England • Highest Tariff ever; hurts France & British • France & Britain demand war reparations from Germany • US loans $2.5 Billion to Germany to stop possible war • Harding scandals • Ohio gang: Harding’s corrupt cabinet members used office for own benefits • Teapot Dome: Albert Fall uses oil reserves for personal gain • Leases oil fields gained from US Navy to make profit.

  7. Politics and Business • Harding has a stroke while mired in political scandal • VP Calvin Coolidge takes over • Pro-business • Laissez-faire economics (little gov’t interference) • Low taxes & limited gov’t interference led to increased national wealth

  8. Business Continued… • New Inventions & Luxury Items • Automobile: Henry Ford makes affordable Model-T • Automobile leads to urban sprawl (growth of cities) • Paved roads, gas stations, motels, shopping centers, etc. • Holland Tunnel, 1927 • Electrical Appliances: washing machine, vacuum, sewing machine, refrigerator • Advertising contributes to purchases • Installment plans (people able to buy goods without down payments) • Buying Based on “Credit” • Important for understanding Great Depression***

  9. Urban Life • Rural & Urban Differences • Prohibition outlawed alcohol (18th Amendment) • Many still drank: visited speakeasies • Bootlegging became popular • Organized crime rose (ex - Al Capone) • Prohibition lasts until repealed in 1933 by the 21st Amendment • Science v. Religion • Fundamentalism: belief in literal interpretation of the Bible (mainly in rural areas) • Major conflicts with scientific ideas (esp. Darwinism) • Scopes Trial • Trial in Dayton, TN in 1925 over teaching of evolution • Clarence Darrow & William Jennings Bryan as attorneys • Scopes found guilty; fined $100

  10. Women • Women became more independent • 19th Amendment: right to vote • Flappers • Emancipated young woman • New fashions (short skirts/dresses, more skin showing, shorter hair, etc.) • Smoking, drinking, more open ideas regarding sex • More women in the workplace after WWI • Change in family • Women seen more as equals • Decline in birthrate; due to increase in birth control (Margaret Sanger) • Easier homelife, due to new technologies

  11. Entertainment • Radio becomes more popular • Movies: Silent films to “Talkies” • People to know • Charles Lindbergh: 1st to fly across Atlantic • Babe Ruth: greatest baseball player • George Gershwin: famous composer • F.Scott Fitzgerald: wrote about 1920s life (The Great Gatsby) • Ernest Hemingway: most famous writer • Charlie Chaplin: famous actor

  12. Top (l-r): Charles Lindberg, Babe Ruth, George Gershwin Bottom (l-r): F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Charlie Chaplin

  13. Harlem Renaissance • Time of cultural flowering for African Americans (“Black is Beautiful”) • Begins with fight against discrimination and NAACP • Marcus Garvey & UNIA • Focused on black pride • “Back to Africa” movement • Harlem Renaissance included famous writers and the Jazz Age • Langston Hughes was most famous writer of HR • Zora Neale Hurston was most famous female writer • Best known actor was Paul Robeson (would later be accused on Communist ties after WWII) • Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, & Cab Calloway were most famous jazz performers

  14. Top (l-r): Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Marcus Garvey. Bottom (l-r): Duke Ellington & his jazz band, Louis Armstrong

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