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3. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process. Objectives (continued). Use Microsoft Project to build the project schedulePerform a risk analysis of potential project risks
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2. 2 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Objectives Explain the elements of project management and the responsibilities of a project manager
Describe how the UP disciplines of business modeling and environment relate to the inception phase
Describe the project management activities that are done during the inception phase
Develop a project schedule using a work breakdown structure (WBS) and PERT and Gantt charts
3. 3 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Objectives (continued) Use Microsoft Project to build the project schedule
Perform a risk analysis of potential project risks
Develop a cost/benefit analysis using net present value calculations
List the key deliverables and activities of the end of the inception phase
Discuss three techniques for monitoring and controlling a system development project
4. 4 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Overview Unified Process (UP) development methodology
Consists of phases, iterations, and disciplines
Provides framework for project definition and execution
Project management: critical support discipline
Project Management prominent in inception phase
Tasks include monitoring and controlling projects
5. 5 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Project Management Development project artifacts (products)
Development of a new software system
Enhancement or upgrade of an existing system
Integration of software into existing environment
Projects constrained by schedule and resources
Project novelty presents great challenges
Different products are produced
Different activities required for varying schedules
Different resources are used
6. 6 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Project Success Factors Development projects produce software systems
Projects are wide ranging
Simple Web sites
Implementation of real-time business applications
Issues complicating project management
Sophisticated business needs
Changing technology
Integrating OS, support programs, and new systems
Project success rate very low: 28 percent as of 2000
7. 7 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process The Role of the Project Manager Project manager coordinates project development
Specifications in a detailed plan at project inception
Activities that must take place
The deliverables that must be produced
Resources needed
Project manager accountable for success or failure
Project manager has internal/external responsibilities
Many career paths lead to project management
8. 8 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process
9. 9 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Project Management Knowledge Areas The Project Management Institute (PMI)
Professional organization promotes project management
PMI provides extensive support material and training
Defines specialists body of knowledge (BOK)
PMBOK organized into nine knowledge areas
PMBOK principles to be applied to iteration activities
10. 10 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Project Management within the Unified Process Project management is a support business discipline
Project management tasks prominent at inception
Other important disciplines of inception phase
Business modeling
Environment
Requirements
Design
11. 11 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process
12. 12 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process The Unified Process and the Inception Phase Inception phase of the UP has (5) objectives
Identify the business need for the project
Establish the vision for the solution
Identify scope of the new system and the project
Develop preliminary schedules and cost estimates
Develop the business case for the project
Inception phase may be completed in one iteration
13. 13 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Business Modeling and the Inception Phase Primary purpose: understand business needs
Chief activities
Understand the business environment
Create the system vision
Create business models
Business modeling interwoven with requirements
14. 14 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Understanding the Business Environment Objective: understand project operational context
Initial document: statement of business problem
Two follow-up activities
Considering needed interfaces to other systems
Evaluating existing architecture
Criticality of performing stakeholder analysis
Stakeholders: people with an interest in the system
Users, sponsors and support staff
15. 15 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process The Stakeholders for Rocky Mountain Outfitters Identify all of the stakeholders
Most important executive stakeholders
RMO project sponsor: VP William McDougal
Executive stakeholders: John and Liz Blankens
Other stakeholders
Operational users such as sales reps and mail
Warehouse workers
Technical staff
16. 16 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process
17. 17 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Creating the System Vision Purpose: justify strategic importance of new system
Clear vision statement includes (3) essential pieces
Precisely specified objective(s)
Concrete (dollar value) benefits tailored to sponsors
System capabilities meeting objective(s)
Project charter: defines need, objective, benefits, scope
System vision
Statement of business need
Stakeholder analysis form
18. 18 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process
19. 19 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process
20. 20 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Creating Business Models Three major areas normally require business models
Business events
Business processes
Information repositories and flows
Business models tied to system requirements
Model format and rigor vary with each project
21. 21 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Environment and the Inception Phase Discipline concerned with development environment
Several activities are included
Select and configure the development tools
IDEs and CASE
Tailor the UP development process
Defining the rigor of a project
Provide technical support services
22. 22 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process
23. 23 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Finalizing the System and Project Scope System scope: defines capabilities of new system
Project scope: describes how project is to be built
Provides disposition toward staff training
Provides data conversion information
Sets parameters for quality control
System scope is part of the larger project scope
Essential use case model helps delineate scope
Essential use case list attached to the project
24. 24 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process
25. 25 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process
26. 26 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Developing the Project and Iteration Schedule Development team sets schedule for project and iterations
Tasks involved in scheduling:
Develop the work breakdown structure (WBS)
Develop the schedule
Develop resource requirements and staffing plan
27. 27 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Developing the WBS Two general approaches for building a WBS
By deliverable timeline
By a sequential timeline
Four techniques for identifying WBS tasks
Top-down: Identify major activities first
Bottom-Up: List all tasks first and organize later
Template: Use standard template of tasks
Analogy: Copy tasks of similar completed project
28. 28 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Developing the Schedule Project schedule orders all activities and tasks
Building the schedule
Identify dependencies between the tasks on WBS
Estimate the effort that each task will require
Dependencies: identify related tasks
Finish-start relationships
Start-start relationships
Finish-finish relationships
Scheduling tool: Microsoft Project
29. 29 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Entering the WBS into MS Project Two types of charts used to show project schedule
PERT/CPM chart
Gantt chart
Charts show same information in different formats
Key metrics
Critical path
Slack time, or float
Milestones
30. 30 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process
31. 31 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process
32. 32 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Develop the Resource Requirements and the Staffing Plan Core team members very active in inception iteration
Most early tasks are project management activities
MS Project allows several ways to input resource information
Formula for effort: Effort = Duration x Persons
33. 33 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process
34. 34 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Identify Project Risks and Confirm Project Feasibility Feasibility analysis: verifies project viability
Activities used to evaluate a projects feasibility
Assess the risk to the project (risk management)
Determine the organizational/cultural feasibility
Evaluate the technological feasibility
Determine the schedule feasibility
Assess the resource feasibility
Perform cost/benefit (economic) analysis
35. 35 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Assessing the Risks to the Project (Risk Management) Feasibility analysis also includes risk management
Risk management: identify potential trouble spots
Organize potential problems in risk matrix
Project manager bases two strategies on matrix
Preventing the negative event
Developing a contingency plan
36. 36 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process
37. 37 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Determining Organizational and Cultural Feasibility Identify organizational and cultural risks
Some potential human risks impacting new system
Low level of computer competency among employees
Perceived shifting of organizational power
Fear of employment loss due to increased automation
Reversal of long-standing work procedures
One way to counter risks: training sessions
38. 38 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Evaluating the Technological Feasibility Staffing should have technological proficiency
Solutions to problem are straightforward
Provide additional training
Hire consultants
Hire more experienced employees
Possibly alter scope and approach of the project
Realistic assessments speedup corrective response
39. 39 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Determining the Schedule Feasibility Development of project schedule involves high risk
Assumptions and estimates made without adequate information
Adaptive projects very susceptible to schedule risks
Project managers use milestones to evaluate pace and compensate for slippage
Contingency plans help reduce the risk of slippage
40. 40 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Assessing the Resource Feasibility Human and other resources to assess
Primary resource consists of team members
Systems analysts, system technicians, users
Support staff
Computer resources and physical facilities
Factors adversely impacting human resource
Lack of required people skill sets
Relocations or departures
41. 41 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Determining the Economic Feasibility Economic feasibility consists of two questions
Does anticipated value of benefits exceed project costs?
Is there adequate cash flow to fund the project?
Cost/benefit analysis determines economic feasibility
Developing cost/benefit analysis is a three-step process
Estimate anticipated development and operational costs
Estimate the anticipated financial benefits
Subtract costs from benefits
MS Project supports cost/benefit analysis
42. 42 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process
43. 43 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process
44. 44 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Completing the Inception Phase Inception activities are project foundation
Summary of key deliverables of inception
Project charter package
Essential use case list
Project schedule
Cost/benefit analysis
Project feasibility and risk analysis
General scope and approach should be clearly defined
Scope and essential use case lead to elaboration phase
45. 45 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Project Monitoring and Control Maintaining pace requires periodic adjustments
Methods for overseeing UP phases
Manage and control plan (schedule and deliverables)
Manage and control internal/external communications
Manage and control the risks and outstanding issues
Schedules should balance flexibility with firm targets
Project manager is communication gateway or nexus
Project manager should maintain log of open issues
46. 46 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Summary
47. 47 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Summary (continued)
48. 48 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with the Unified Process Summary (continued)