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The Decrease in Domesticated Honeybee Populations in the United States and San Joaquin County: a Call to Action

The Decrease in Domesticated Honeybee Populations in the United States and San Joaquin County: a Call to Action . Lyona Carter Walden University May 08, 2011. References

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The Decrease in Domesticated Honeybee Populations in the United States and San Joaquin County: a Call to Action

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  1. The Decrease in Domesticated Honeybee Populations in the United States and San Joaquin County: a Call to Action Lyona Carter Walden University May 08, 2011 References United States Department of Agriculture. (2006). Image Number D673-1. Retrieved April 24, 2011, from http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/graphics/photos/jan07/d673-1.htm

  2. San Joaquin County, California – Crop Yields, Fruits and Nuts, 2007 References San Joaquin County Department of Agriculture. (2007). 2007 Agricultural Report San Joaquin County. Retrieved April 24, 2011, from www.sjgov.org/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=9572 United States Department of Agriculture. (2004).World Almond Situation & Outlook. Retrieved April 24, 2011, from http://www.fas.usda.gov/htp/Hort_Circular/2004/12-10-04/12-04%20Almonds.pdf

  3. The Role of Bees in San Joaquin County The US Department of Agriculture (2010) reports: “Bee pollination is responsible for $15 billion in added crop value, particularly for specialty crops such as almonds and other nuts, berries, fruits, and vegetables.” References United States Department of Agriculture. (2006). Agroforestry: Sustaining Native Bee Habitat For Crop Pollination. Retrieved May 08, 2011, from http://www.xerces.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/agroforestrynotes32-overview.pdf United States Department of Agriculture. (2010). Questions and Answers: Colony Collapse Disorder. Retrieved April 22, 2011, from http://www.ars.usda.gov/News/docs.htm?docid=15572

  4. Several Foods Dependent Upon Honeybees • Tomatoes • Grapefruits • Prunes • Pumpkins • Almonds • Vegetable seeds • Cranberries • Pears • Apples • Plums • Soybeans References United States Department of Agriculture. (2006). Agroforestry: Sustaining Native Bee Habitat For Crop Pollination. Retrieved May 08, 2011, fromhttp://www.xerces.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/agroforestrynotes32-overview.pdf

  5. Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) a disorder causing the eradication of once present bee populations in the United States and abroad. Honeybee losses range from 30-90 percent References United States Department of Agriculture. (2010). Questions and Answers: Colony Collapse Disorder. Retrieved April 22, 2011, from http://www.ars.usda.gov/News/docs.htm?docid=15572

  6. Pesticides and Honeybee decline References Gross, M. (2008). Pesticides Linked to Bee Deaths. Current Biology, 18(16), R684. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.08.004.

  7. CCD as a Global Issue • CCD is prevalent abroad • In Europe the chemical Clothianidin (Bayer) was alleged. • In 2008, Bayer paid $2 million Euros to beekeepers (Gross, 2008).

  8. CCD and the Multi-factoral Theory

  9. Paradigm Shift with Implications for the Future References Kremen, C., Williams, N.M. & Thorp, R.W. (2002). Crop Pollination from Native Bees at Risk from Agricultural Intensification. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 99, 16812–16816.

  10. Direct Impact to Global Community and Local Economies Decreased crop value Increased Food Security Limited available food sources Economic and political instability References Ghosh, J. (2010). The Unnatural Coupling: Food and Global Finance. Journal of Agrarian Change, 10(1), 72-86. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0366.2009.00249.x. Winfree, R., Williams, N. M., Dushoff, J., & Kremen, C. (2007). Native Bees Provide Insurance Against OngoingHoney Bee Losses. Ecology Letters, 10(11), 1105-1113. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01110.x

  11. Stakeholders San Joaquin County Office of Agricultural Commission http://www.sjgov.org/agcomm/ The Great Sunflower Project http://www.greatsunflower.org/project-leaders City of Tracy California Economic Development team http://www.ci.tracy.ca.us/departments/economic_development/ Local food growers , local media and the local community!

  12. References Ghosh, J. (2010). The Unnatural Coupling: Food and Global Finance. Journal of Agrarian Change, 10(1), 72-86. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0366.2009.00249.x. Gross, M. (2008). Pesticides Linked to Bee Deaths. Current Biology, 18(16), R684. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.08.004. San Joaquin County Department of Agriculture. (2007). 2007 Agricultural Report San Joaquin County. Retrieved April 24, 2011, from www.sjgov.org/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=9572 United States Department of Agriculture. (2006). Agroforestry: Sustaining Native Bee Habitat For Crop Pollination. Retrieved April 24, 2011, from http://plants.usda.gov/pollinators/Agroforestry_Sustaining_Native_Bee_Habitat_for_Crop_Pollination.pdf United States Department of Agriculture. (2006). Image Number D673-1. Retrieved April 24, 2011, from http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/graphics/photos/jan07/d673-1.htm United States Department of Agriculture. (2010). Questions and Answers: Colony Collapse Disorder. Retrieved April 22, 2011, from http://www.ars.usda.gov/News/docs.htm?docid=15572 Winfree, R., Williams, N. M., Dushoff, J., & Kremen, C. (2007). Native Bees Provide Insurance Against Ongoing Honey Bee Losses. Ecology Letters, 10(11), 1105-1113. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01110.x.

  13. What is Needed? • Additional research to understand the factors related to CCD. • More proactive, collaborative and investigative approach from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the USDA. • Add CCD investigation as an addition to Healthy People 2020 objectives under the Nutrition and Weight Status objective; given its relatedness to food security. • Find the cause create prevention and intervention strategies. • Increased communication and awareness.

  14. Recommended Reading Larsen, T.H., Williams, N.W. & Kremen, C. (2005). Extinction order and altered community structure rapidly disrupt ecosystem functioning. Ecol. Lett., 8, 538–547. Kremen, C., Williams, N.M. & Thorp, R.W. (2002). Crop Pollination from Native Bees at Risk from Agricultural Intensification. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 99, 16812–16816.

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