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Active Transport

Active Transport Requires use of energy because it does not happen naturally through diffusion or facilitated diffusion .

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Active Transport

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  1. Active Transport • Requires use of energy because it does not happen naturally through diffusion or facilitated diffusion. • Requires a carrier protein* that uses energy from ATPmolecules (Adenosine Tri-Phosphate, a nucleotide that stores energy and can release it when bonds are broken.) • Why? • Moving stuff against the concentration gradient requires a “pump”. • OR • Fusing/rebuilding of cell membranes

  2. Compare Membrane Proteins • Active Transport vs. Facilitated Diffusion : • Both use…. • Carrier Proteins • But only active transport carrier proteins require… • ATP • Because they need energy to change their shape!

  3. Na+ ATP Phosphates from ATP breakdown PhospholipidBilayer K+ Sodium – Potassium Pump

  4. Active Transport - Bulk Transport One large or many small particles moved in or out of cell using membrane bubbles called vesicles that can fuse with the cell/plasma membrane Exocytosis – materials moved out of cell Ex.: secretion of tears & sweat

  5. Active Transport - Bulk Transport Endocytosis – materials moved into cell • Phagocytosis – “cell eating” solid particle(s) taken in • Ex.: phagocytes such as macrophages & other immune cells ingesting bacteria • Pinocytosis – “cell drinking” liquid/many small particle(s) taken in • Ex.: Cells “gulping up” plasma from blood, leaving RBCs in blood

  6. Endocytosis? Exocytosis? #3 # 2 # 1

  7. Endocytosis 1. Pinocytosis 2. Phagocytosis

  8. Contractile Vacuole • ‘Sump Pump’ in unicellular aquatic organisms Cell is 95% Water Environment is 99% Water Active or Passive?

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