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The Twenties

The Twenties. 1919-1929. What would you think if you saw this ad in the newspaper?. Red Scare. Russia Czar Nicholas II lost power due to entering the War and losing popularity Vladimir I. Lenin saw a good opportunity to jump in Him and his followers (Bolsheviks) took power

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The Twenties

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  1. The Twenties 1919-1929

  2. What would you think if you saw this ad in the newspaper?

  3. Red Scare • Russia • Czar Nicholas II lost power due to entering the War and losing popularity • Vladimir I. Lenin saw a good opportunity to jump in • Him and his followers (Bolsheviks) took power • Started to put all privately owned businesses under the power of the Government • 1918 Civil War broke out and Lenin’s forces “reds” fought against the “Whites”( former landowners, government officials, army leaders)

  4. Communism • Lenin made communism the official ideology of the Soviet Union • The government owned all land and property • A single political party controlled the government • No Individual rights • Government vowed to spread Communism to other places

  5. U.S. Feared Communism Red Scare • Schenck V. U.S. • Justification to silence free speech if when there is a “clear and present danger” • Palmer Raids • Targeted communist, anarchist, and socialist • Jailed thousands of people • 500 immigrants were deported • Police raids on Communist headquarters-without warrants • People afraid to speak openly

  6. Who Was Shut Out?: Immigration Quotas, 1925–1927

  7. U.S. Feared Communism Red Scare • Sacco and Vanzetti • Two Italian anarchists who were executed in 1927 for murder despite protests from within and outside the U.S. that anti-immigrant attitudes prejudiced their trial. • KKK> against everything un- American • Prohibition> 18th Amendment (1919) • Americans Act

  8. Labor Strikes • Some Americans believed Communists were behind strikes • 1919 food prices and rents were high by 1920 double of that before the War • Boston Police strike • Strike by police officers because 19 officers were fired for joining the AFL>no police protection in Boston • Ended by mayor Coolidge- national hero • Union memberships decreased by over 1 million because of the strikes

  9. Dow Now 1- How did people feel about communism within the United States? 2- What were the Palmer Raids? 3- Who were Sacco and Vanzetti? What happened to them?

  10. Harding Presidency • 1920- Election Warren G. Harding elected President-Coolidge elected VP • 1st election with women voters ( since the passing of the 19th amendment) • Isolationism- avoidance of political or economic alliances with foreign countries • No future attempt to join League of Nations • Disarmament- prevention of future wars. A program to get nations of the world to voluntarily give up their weapons. • Several major nations signed treaties limiting the size of their navies

  11. Harding Presidencycont. • Restrictions on Immigrants • Quota's were set on immigrants to lower the amount of immigrants in to the country (Nativist feeling in U.S. • “Trickle-Down”- theory • Congress cut taxes on higher incomes with the belief that the money would trickle –down to the lower incomes • Corruption in Harding’s Administration • Teapot Dome Scandal (Secretary of the interior Albert Fall sent to jail for taking bribes for oil reserves- Harding did not know of he corruption) • Harding passed away form a Heart attack in office on August 2, 1923

  12. Coolidge Presidency • Pro-Business- “The business of the American people is business” • Believed that government should not interfere with business (Laissez – Faire) • Isolationism continued left to Secretary of State, Frank B. Kellogg • Kellogg-Briand Pact- 15 nations agreed not to use War as a threat when dealing with one another • Coolidge did not run for office again and instead Hoover was elected in 1928

  13. Do Now • What technological advances do you recall being introduced thus far in your life? • How do you use these items in your everyday life?

  14. Advances in Technology • Production of goods in the U.S. increased 25% between 1921 and 1928 • The use of electrically powered equipment was partly responsible • Scientific management: employers would systematically study the performance of their workers in order to find ways to increase efficiency

  15. Advances in Technologycont. • Henry Ford • Revolutionized the automobile industry • Used the assembly line, where workers stood at their work station and did a simple task to help build a car-increased production • 1920’s- 9 million automobiles • New mobility for people • Growth of suburbs

  16. New Age of Entertainment • Music • The Jazz age • Blend of West African rhythms, black work songs and spirituals , minstrel songs, and European harmonies • The Harlem Renaissance • Artists who produced numerous works of creativity that came out of NYC- Harlem • Inspired by Jazz Age • Duke Ellington, Langston Hughes

  17. New Age of Entertainmentcont. • Movies • Motion pictures began to emerge in the 1920’s • Started out as silent films with subtitles • October6, 1927-first movie, The Jazz Singer • Hollywood became the movie capital of the world • Charlie Chaplin, Clara Dow, John Barrymore, Lillian Gish • Radio • By the end of the 1920’s, 1 in every 3 homes had a radio • Broadcasted results of presidential elections, debates, the burying of the “unknown solider”, sporting event, news reports, music, comedy series

  18. New Age of Entertainmentcont. • Heroes and Fads • The radio helped to create heroes and fads • Charles A. Lindbergh- May1927- first to fly nonstop across the Atlantic • Babe Ruth hitting 60 homeruns in one season • The fads of crossword puzzles, sitting on top of flagpoles for days • Art • New about abstract art • Pablo Picasso-painted geometric figures • 1929- Museum of Modern Art in NYC opened to display art • Georgia O’Keeffe- Painted landscape and skyscrapers

  19. Do Now • What new means of media came about in the 1920s? • What was a random fad of the 1920s? • How did Henry Ford change the assembly line?

  20. The Lost Generation • Disillusionment following World War I, particularly among veterans, artists, and intellectuals • - Americans became obsessed with materialism and Consumerism as a modern lifestyle of _____, _____, games, ______, running water, indoor plumbing, roads, cars, ______, and mass media exploded. Due to economic wealth a interest in leisure time events developed. • - Authors such as Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald believed they were lost in a greedy world that lacked moral values

  21. Lifestyle • 4 million men discharge from Armed forces- 5 million unemployed • Factories shut down> fewer jobs • Consumers spent money on goods that were now available because the war was over • Speakeasies- illegal bars that flourished in the cities • Women’s role changing- Flappers

  22. 1920's lifestyle

  23. Stock Market Crash • End of the 1920’s= start of an economic slowdown • Election of 1928 • Herbert Hoover (Rep.) vs. Al Smith (Dem.) • Hoover believed in “rugged individualism”- problems will be solved by your own efforts- NO GOV’T INTERVENTION • Smith= GOV’T intervention • Hoover won easily because people had the false notion that everything would be prosperous forever

  24. Stock Market Crashcont. • Get-Rich-Quick Theory • Buy stock or land- buy low, sell high • People could buy on margin- loan from stock broker to buy stock • People made profits from stocks-attracted more speculators • Stock prices rose so high that no one bought • 10/24/29- people began to sell • Brokers make margin calls- ask for loans to be repaid • Caused more people to sell to pay back their loans • 10/29/29- all selling no buying- need to pay back loans • Stock Market Crash! • People lost ; banks and businesses closed

  25. Magazine Project 7 groups = Women, Prohibition, Technology, Red Scare, Sports, Consumerism/Buying on Credit, Music/Movies/Fads Design a page or two for a magazine that would have been seen during the 1920’s Be Creative Use factual text and pictures

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