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Chapter 27C—WWII Battles and Conferences (887-897 ) The student will understand some of the

Chapter 27C—WWII Battles and Conferences (887-897 ) The student will understand some of the fighting that took place in the European and Pacific campaigns, as well as the agreements that took place among the Allies near the end of the war. AL COS 11 th grade #11.

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Chapter 27C—WWII Battles and Conferences (887-897 ) The student will understand some of the

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  1. Chapter 27C—WWII Battles and Conferences (887-897 ) The student will understand some of the fighting that took place in the European and Pacific campaigns, as well as the agreements that took place among the Allies near the end of the war. AL COS 11th grade #11

  2. U.S. entry into the war: came at a time when the Allies were losing on all fronts Axis Power in 1941

  3. chart showing the level of U-boat activities and attacks in the Gulf of Mexico in 1942 and 1943,

  4. The large Type IXC submarine, with its long range and complement of torpedoes, was the preferred type for assignment to the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico.

  5. Robert E. Lee, last ship sunk by U-166

  6. Total losses to these U-boats in the Gulf of Mexico were 56 ships sunk and 14 damaged. U-166, only German sub sunk in the Gulf of Mexico A close-up of the U-166 "wintergarten," with its 20mm anti-aircraft gun.

  7. close-up of the U-166 37mm main-deck gun.

  8. Allies’ strategy: to win the war was to concentrate on North Africa and Europe, then Asia.

  9. North African landing: 1st Offensive Step in the War. Its purpose was to open a second front to relieve pressure on the red army.

  10. ` Atlantic Wall: Operation Overlord: led by Eisenhower, invasion of Normandy d-day-battle-gear - d-day-battle-gear EISENHOWER: Overall Commander of Allied Forces in Europe

  11. D-Day:June 6, 1944; allowed for 2 million troops in France by late July. D-Day broadcast available on We Interrupt This Broadcast book/CD

  12. carpet bombing: RAF bombing of Germany at night in which a large number of bombs are scattered over a wide area. The Battle of the Bulge: last ditch effort by the German which led to the largest battle in Western Europe; costly battle that essentially exhausted Germany’s reserves and opened the way to Germany

  13. BATTLE FACTS ·  The coldest, snowiest weather “in memory” in the Ardennes Forest on the German/Belgium border. ·  Over a million men, 500,000 Germans, 600,000 Americans and 55,000 British. ·  3 German armies, 10 corps. ·  3 American armies, 6 corps,. ·  100,000 German casualties, killed, wounded or captured. ·   81,000 American casualties, including 23,554 captured and 19,000 killed. ·  1,400 British casualties  200 killed. ·   800 tanks lost on each side, 1,000 German aircraft.

  14. Stalin: leader of the U.S.S.R. Battle of Stalingrad: Germany overextended their supply lines and its ability to support its troop (a fatal mistake) and lost over 330,000; turning point of the war.

  15. V-E Day: May 8, 1945 V-E Day broadcast available on We Interrupt This Broadcast book/CD

  16. Douglas MacArthur: the commanding general of the Philippines, and later the Pacific theater, who vowed “I shall return.” He would later liberate the island.

  17. SEE OUTLINE NOTES OF PACIFIC CAMPAIGN Interactive Pacific map Japanese has an 11 to 4 carrier advantage in the Pacific in 1942. However, the U.S. planned after Dec.7 1941 to build 15 battleships, 14 carriers, 54 cruisers, 191 destroyers, and 73 submarines

  18. PACIFIC OFFENSIVES Dec. 7, 1941--Pearl Harbor is bombed as well as the Philippines, Guam, Midway, Hong Kong, and Malaya, but Roosevelt and Churchill decide to focus on defeating Germany. Battleship row USS Arizona and her 1100 men

  19. Dec. to April 1942--Japanese overrun Hong Kong, French Indochina (Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam), Malaya, Singapore, Burma, Thailand, and Indonesia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Guam, Wake Island, and the Aleutians islands (Alaska). April 1942--U.S. bombs Tokyo; action has no real strategic value but makes Japanese realize their vulnerability. James H. Doolittle

  20. April 9, 1942--General King is ordered to surrender Bataan (Philippines) to the Japanese. 76,000 Americans surrender, the largest group ever. Only Corregidor is left. During the Bataan death march, only 54,000 U.S. soldiers reach the prison camps. Read from John Toland’s “The Rising Sun” General MacArthur (right) confers with General Wainwright

  21. "So you are dead. The easy words contain No sense of loss, no sorrow, no despair. Thus hunger, thirst, fatigue, combine to drain All feeling from our hearts. The endless glare, The brutal heat, anesthetize the mind. I can not mourn you now. I lift my load, The suffering column moves. I leave behind Only another corpse, beside the road." Lt. Henry G. Lee...A Soldier Poet.

  22. May 8/9 1942--All U.S. forces in the Philippines (Corregidor) finally surrender. 13,000 surrender. May 1942--U.S./Australian fleets stop attempted invasion of Australia in the Battle of the Coral Sea and New Guinea.

  23. June 1942--U.S. forces victorious at the Battle of Midway. Turning point in the Pacific theater, both on the sea and in the air, the initiative now belonged to the U.S. August 1942--U.S. begins battle for Guadalcanal. Jan. 1943--Japanese withdraw from Guadalcanal.

  24. Midway and Guadalcanal: marked the turning points in Japan’s control of the Pacific; ended the Japanese offensive and forced Japan to revert to defending what it had earlier occupied. Midway results: Japanese carriers destroyed: Agaki, Kaga, Soryu andmthe Hiryu 253 planes 3,500 lives. U.S. forces destroyed:Yorktown 150 planes 307 lives;, USS Yorktown, 1937-1942 Battle of Midway, June 1942

  25. Marines landing at Guadalcanal, 8-7-42. First offensive in the Pacific. Its purpose: stop the Japanese from building an airfield to use to strike At American ships. The Marines leave victorious Jan. 31, 1943 After a disasterous night battle, the navy opts to leave the Marines on the Island (some supplies still not unloaded). The Marines built an airstrip (without heavy equipment) and began receiving air-lifted supplies.

  26. The temporary resting place of a Marine killed in the fighting at Lunga Point is shown here. The grave marker was erected by his friends. The total cost of the Guadalcanal campaign to the American ground combat forces was 1,598, 1,152 of them Marines. Marine aviation casualties were 147 killed and 127 wounded. The Japanese lost close to 25,000 men on Guadalcanal, about half of whom succumbed to illness, wounds, and starvation. The enemy loss of 2 battleships, 3 carriers, 12 cruisers, and 25 destroyers, was irreplaceable. The Allied ships losses, though costly, were not fatal; in essence, all ships lost were replaced. In the air, at least 600 Japanese planes were shot down; even more costly was the death of 2,300 experienced pilots and aircrewmen. http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-C-Guadalcanal.html excellent source

  27. MACARTHUR/KING DISPUTE: MacArthur (Army) advocated a move up from the south-west, liberating the occupied territories as a the major objectives; King (Navy) advocated attacking the weak points of the Japanese (Formosa & Ryukyus) and splitting the south-east Asia away from Japanese control. Both plans were combined, but the more difficult plan of MacArthur was more successful with fewer supplies and fewer casualties (island hopping).

  28. February 1944--U.S. captures Solomon, Gilbert, and • Marshall islands. Gilbert Island attack: 1,500 of the • 5000 U.S. Marines died in one evening trying to land • on the shore. Of the 4,700 Japanese soldiers, only • surrendered. Marshall Islands: Of the 10,000 • Japanese soldiers, only 130 surrendered. U.S. losses • total 372. • June 1944--U.S. attacks Mariana Islands; Battle of the • Philippines Sea.

  29. Butaritari, Makin Atoll, Gilbert Islands, 1943 Solomon Island landing

  30. #1 = Attack on Pearl Harbor, 12-7-41 #2 = Sinking of the Prince of Wales and Repulse, 12-10-41 #3 = Raids into the Indian Ocean, 3-31 to 4-9-42 #4 = Battle of the Coral Sea, May ‘42 #5 = Battle of Midway, 6-4-42 #6 = Battle of the Komandorski Islands, 3-26-43 #7 = Destruction of Truk, 2-1944 (ALA) #8 = Battle of the Phillipine Sea, June 19-20, 1944 #9 = Sinking of Yamato, April 7, ‘45 #10 = Final Destruction, July 24 & 28, 1945

  31. USS Alabama, 1942 Launched: 16 February 1942 Speed: 28 knots Crew: 127 Officers, 2,205 Enlisted Men Armament: 9 16"/45 cal. Guns (3 turrets) 20 5"/38 cal. Guns (10 mounts) 48 40mm Guns (12 mounts) 52 20mm Gun

  32. October 1944--U.S. forces converge on Leyte Island in Philippines. At the Battle of Luzon, Japanese lose 192,000 soldiers; U.S. lose 7,933. Spring 1945--Battle of Iowa Jima and Battle of Okinawa take place. At Iowa, six weeks of pre-invasion bombing and shelling with little results. During the land battle, almost all of the 22,000 Japanese soldiers died; U.S. lost 6,821 At Okinawa, fanatic resistance by Japanese cost 12,513 Americans killed, 36,600 wounded Of the 130,000 Japanese soldiers, only 7,400 surrendered. Suicide attacks common.

  33. "Flag raising on Iwo Jima." Joe Rosenthal, 2-23-45

  34. "USS BUNKER HILL hit by two Kamikazes in 30 seconds on 11 May ‘45 Off Okinawa. Dead-372. Wounded- 264.”

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