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What do all of these have in common?

What do all of these have in common?. Typewriter Rubber bicycle tires Carburetor Diesel engine X-ray Radio Cold cereal Aspirin Magnetic tape recorder Rubber heel (for shoe/boot) Movie projector Wireless radio telegraph Photoelectric cell Milk safety test

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What do all of these have in common?

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  1. What do all of these have in common? Typewriter Rubber bicycle tires Carburetor Diesel engine X-ray Radio Cold cereal Aspirin Magnetic tape recorder Rubber heel (for shoe/boot) Movie projector Wireless radio telegraph Photoelectric cell Milk safety test Thermite (industrial material) Self-powered model airplane Bolt action rifle Motion picture camera Data processing machine Photocopying machine Bridle bit (for horse) Desk top pencil sharpener Dust pan Fountain pen Golf tee Dry cell battery (Ever Ready) Steel-framed skyscraper American Express Travelers Cheques Book matches Hershey chocolate bar Cathode-ray tube Jell-o Roll film Vacuum cleaner The “T” Cracker Jack Peanut agricultural science Dirgible Dixie cup (paper cup) Dishwasher Peep show Escalator Gasoline powered car Player piano Submarine Double-edge safety razor

  2. Did you say… • They are all major inventions of the 1890s? • You win a prize!

  3. Industrialization Overview Content Question #1: How did Industrialization Change America?

  4. Natural Resources • Oil (black gold) • First drill invented by Edwin Drake in 1859 • Wells pump oil to surface • Large deposits of iron & coal discovered • Coal is burned to produce steam • New source of energy powers machines • Steel (made from iron) • Lighter, more flexible, rust-resistant metal • 1860 = produce 3-5 tons/day • 1900 = produce 3-5 tons/15 minutes • Used for railroads, skyscrapers, tools, autos…

  5. Drake Oil Drill, Titusville PA

  6. The Skyscraper Home Insurance Building Ames Building Flatiron Building Chicago, 1884 (the first) Boston, 1893 (Washington St.) New York, 1903

  7. New Farm Machinery

  8. Productivity • Agricultural / Transportation Advances • Before Civil War, 61 hours labor to produce acre of wheat • By 1900, 3 hours 19 min. • Manufactured ice & meatpacking • 193,000 miles railroad connects the country Tractors towed and powered new planters, cultivators, reapers, pickers, threshers, combine harvesters, mowers, and balers

  9. Economic Innovations & Inventions • Corporation: a business that is owned by many investors • legal entity separate from owners • Raise large amounts of capital and limit liability • Stock – partial ownership in a company (held by a shareholder) • Trust – a bunch of corporations controlled by a board of directors (Monopoly)

  10. GDP: How the economy is measured

  11. Andrew Carnegie • Controlled the STEEL industry • By 1890, the richest nine percent of Americans held 75 percent of the nation’s wealth • The average yearly income for a worker was $380 • Carnegie had a yearly income of $25 million by 1900 • After his retirement, Carnegie donated most of his money (over $350 million) to establish libraries, schools, and universities • He called this “The Gospel of Wealth”

  12. Corruption

  13. Cartoon analysis

  14. “Titans of Industry” J.P. Morgan Andrew Carnegie John D. Rockefeller BANKING/STOCKS STEEL OIL

  15. Industrialization Immigration Urbanization

  16. How does work change? FARMER Time: Works for: Pace: FACTORY WORKER Time: Works for: Pace: Skill: ARTISAN Time: Works for: Pace: Skill:

  17. Timetables from Lowell Mills http://gse.uml.edu/rtt/tah/8/cds/cd1/cd/timetable.jpg http://invention.smithsonian.org/centerpieces/whole_cloth/u2ei/u2images/act9/time_tbl.jpg

  18. Scientific Management • IDEA: simplify jobs and train workers to perform as efficiently and productive as possible • Use science to study workers movements and make improvements to tasks and tools • Take away as much skill from task as possible… workers should not think

  19. Time Studies • Shoveling • The optimal weight that a worker should lift in a shovel = 21 pounds • SO… provide each worker with the optimal shovel • Workers increase productivity 3-4 times, increase pay

  20. The Assembly Line • Moving conveyor belts • Fixed work stations • Each worker does one specific task

  21. Henry Ford • Applies scientific management & assembly line to automobile in 1913 • Model-T built in 84 steps, able to keep cost low and market as “car for the common man” • Pays workers $5/day – can afford to buy car!

  22. Henry Ford connects principles of scientific management to large scale production assembly line

  23. Drawbacks of Scientific Management & the Assembly Line?

  24. Modern Times Charlie Chaplin Modern Times Factory Scene HD (720p) - YouTube

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