1 / 27

Regions of Eastern Europe: Balkanization and Ethnic Mosaic

Explore the diverse regions of Eastern Europe, including the Balkan countries, and learn about the forces shaping their politics, cultures, and borders.

bfowler
Download Presentation

Regions of Eastern Europe: Balkanization and Ethnic Mosaic

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. EUROPE III(CHAPTER 1: 87-105)

  2. REGIONS OF EUROPE • WESTERN • BRITISH ISLES • NORTHERN • MEDITERRANEAN • EASTERN

  3. MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE

  4. MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE • SIX COUNTRIES • A DISCONTINUOUS REGION • ON THE PERIPHERY • CULTURAL CONTINUITY DATES FROM GRECO-ROMAN TIMES • MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE • HOT - DRY SUMMERS • WARM/COOL - MOIST WINTERS

  5. ITALY • MOST POPULATED OF MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES • BEST CONNECTED TO THE EUROPEAN CORE • MOST ECONOMICALLY ADVANCED • DISPLAYS A SHARP NORTH/SOUTH CONTRAST (ANCONA LINE ) • MILAN • ITALY’S LARGEST CITY AND MANUFACTURING CENTER • ALSO THE COUNTRY’S FINANCIAL AND SERVICE-INDUSTRY CENTER

  6. ITALY • ROME • FOUNDED ABOUT 3,000 YEARS AGO • ATTAINED AN ESTIMATED POPULATION OF 1 MILLION < THE END OF THE 1ST CENTURY AD • ONLY 30,000 PEOPLE BY THE 13TH CENTURY • BECAME ITALY’S CAPITAL IN 1870 • CURRENTLY HAS ABOUT 2.7 MILLION PEOPLE • VATICAN CITY • AN ENCLAVE WITHIN ROME • THE HEADQUARTERS OF ROMAN CATHOLICISM • FUNCTIONS AS AN INDEPENDENT ENTITY

  7. EASTERN EUROPE REGIONS • WESTERN • NORTHERN • MEDITERRANEAN • EASTERN

  8. EASTERN EUROPE(REGIONAL IDENTIFIERS) • EUROPE’S LARGEST REGION • ADJOINS 3 OF 4 OTHER EUROPEAN REGIONS • CONTAINS THE MOST COUNTRIES • INCLUDES EUROPE’S LARGEST STATE • INCORPORATES EUROPE’S POOREST COUNTRY • IN 1990, NONE OF ITS STATES COULD MEET THE CRITERIA FOR MEMBERSHIP IN THE EU • REACHES INTO THE RUSSIAN ZONE OF INFLUENCE

  9. KEY CONCEPTS • BALKANIZATION • IRREDENTISM • ETHNIC CLEANSING • DEVOLUTION • SHATTER BELT

  10. BALKANIZATION • FROM THE VERB BALKANIZE, WHICH MEANS TO BREAK UP (AS IN A REGION) INTO SMALLER AND OFTEN HOSTILE UNITS • ORIGINATES FROM A MOUNTAIN RANGE IN BULGARIA • APPLIED TO THE SOUTHERN HALF OF EASTERN EUROPE, i.e., THE BALKAN COUNTRIES OF THE BALKAN PENINSULA

  11. UNDERLYING FORCES • CENTRIFUGAL FORCES • REFER TO FORCES THAT TEND TO DIVIDE A COUNTRY • Religious, linguistic, ethnic, or ideological differences • CENTRIPETAL FORCES • FORCES THAT UNITE AND BIND A COUNTRY TOGETHER • A strong national culture, shared ideological objectives, and a common faith

  12. IRREDENTISM • A POLICY OF CULTURAL EXTENSION AND POLITICAL EXPANSION AIMED AT A NATIONAL GROUP LIVING IN A NEIGHBORING COUNTRY RIVER & BORDER MINORITY POPULATION A BORDER ADJUSTMENT B A COUNTRIES

  13. ETHNIC GROUPS IN EASTERN EUROPE

  14. ETHNIC CLEANSING • REFERS TO THE FORCIBLE OUSTER OF ENTIRE POPULATIONS FROM THEIR HOMELANDS BY STRONGER POWERS BENT ON TAKING THEIR TERRITORIES MINORITY POPULATION A B A BORDER COUNTRIES

  15. DEVOLUTION • THE PROCESS WHEREBY REGIONS WITHIN A STATE DEMAND AND GAIN POLITICAL STRENGTH AND GROWING AUTONOMY AT THE EXPENSE OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

  16. DEVOLUTION IN EUROPE

  17. SHATTER BELT • A TERM APPLIED TO EASTERN EUROPE BY GEOGRAPHERS TO DESCRIBE A ZONE OF CHRONIC POLITICAL SPLINTERING AND FRACTURING • WHY HERE?

  18. ETHNIC MOSIAC OF EASTERN EUROPE

  19. Ethnic Majorities in Bosnia Serbs Muslims Croats No majority

  20. DAYTON ACCORDS • A US INITIATIVE TO CONFER AND REDRAW THE MAP OF REMNANTS OF THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA • ATTEMPTED TO PARTITION BOSNIA AMONG SERBS, CROATS, AND MUSLIMS • LAND DISTRIBUTION PROBLEM: SERBS (31% OF BOSNIA) GOT 48% OF LAND; IN MUSLIM/CROAT FEDERATION, MUSLIMS (49%) GOT 27 % OF LAND; WHILE CROATS (17%) GOT 25 %

  21. Dayton AgreementBoundaries

  22. SUBREGIONS OF EASTERN EUROPE • COUNTRIES FACING THE BALTIC SEA • THE LANDLOCKED CENTER • COUNTRIES FACING THE ADRIATIC SEA • COUNTRIES FACING THE BLACK SEA

  23. COUNTRIES FACING THE BALTIC SEA • POLAND • A CLASSIC NATION-STATE • TRADITIONALLY AGRARIAN - WHEAT • POST WWII INDUSTRY - SILESIA • WARSAW - PRIMATE CITY • LITHUANIA • LOST INDEPENDENCE IN 1940, REGAINED IN 1991 • KALININGRAD - A RUSSIAN EXCLAVE • LATVIA • SIMILAR HISTORY AS LITHUANIA • CONSTITUTE BARE MAJORITY IN OWN COUNTRY • BELARUS: RUSSIA’S CLOSEST ALLY

  24. THE LANDLOCKED CENTER • CZECH REPUBLIC • THE REGION’S MOST WESTERNIZED • PRAGUE- A CLASSIC PRIMATE CITY • SLOVAKIA • THE LEAST DEVELOPED, MOST RURAL PART OF “CZECHOSLOVAKIA” • HUNGARY • A NATION-STATE OF 9.9 MILLION • BUDAPEST- A CLASSIC PRIMATE CITY

  25. COUNTRIES FACING THE ADRIATIC SEA • SLOVENIA: FIRST TO SECEDE; ETHNICALLY MOST HOMOGENEOUS • CROATIA • BOSNIA: CENTRALLY POSITIONED • SERBIA: LARGEST AND MOST POPULOUS • MACEDONIA: 65% MACEDONIAN, 21% ALBANIAN • ALBANIA: REMNANT OF TURKISH OTTOMAN EMPIRE; 70% MUSLIMS; LOWEST ECONOMIC RANKING IN EUROPE

  26. COUNTRIES FACING THE BLACK SEA • BULGARIA: LIBERATED BY RUSSIA IN 1878 • ROMANIA: A FORMER ROMAN PROVINCE; RAW MATERIALS (COAL, IRON ORE, OIL, NATURAL GAS) • MOLDOVA: AGRICULTURAL • UKRAINE: LARGEST AND MOST POPULOUS; AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES AVAILABLE

  27. EUROPE III(CHAPTER 1: 87-105)

More Related