Chapter 11

1. Chapter 11 Lecture Chapter 11 The Muscular System: The Appendicular Musculature Frederic Martini Michael Timmons Robert Tallitsch

2. Introduction • Appendicular musculature: • Muscles responsible for stabilizing the pectoral and pelvic girdles and for moving the upper and lower limbs.

3. Introduction • Appendicular muscles account for roughly 40% of the skeletal muscles in the body. • The two major groups of appendicular muscles are: • The muscles of the pectoral girdle and upper limbs. • The muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower limbs. • The functions and required ranges of motion differ greatly between these groups.

4. Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs • Muscles associated with the pectoral girdle and upper limbs can be divided into four groups: • Muscles that position the pectoral girdle. • Muscles that move the arm. • Muscles that move the forearm and hand. • Muscles that move the hand and fingers.

5. Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle Figure 11.1 Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle

6. Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle Figure 11.2 Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle

7. Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle Figure 11.3 Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle

8. Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle Figure 11.4 Superficial and Deep Muscles of the Trunk and Proximal Limbs

9. Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle • Summary of the muscles that move the pectoral girdle Pectoral Muscles PLAY

10. Muscles That Move the Arm Figure 11.5a Anterior Arm Figure 11.5b Posterior Arm

11. Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand Figure 11.6b Anterior Forearm Figure 11.7b Posterior Forearm

12. Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand • Summary of the muscles of the upper limb Arm Muscles PLAY

13. Superficial Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers Figure 11.8a Anterior Forearm Figure 11.8d Posterior Forearm

14. Middle Layer of Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers Figure 11.8b Anterior Forearm Figure 11.8e Posterior Forearm

15. Deep Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers Figure 11.8c Anterior Forearm Figure 11.8f Posterior Forearm

16. Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers • Summary of the muscles located in the forearm Forearm Muscles PLAY

17. Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand [insert fig 11.9d [insert fig 11.9a Figure 11.9a Posterior Right Hand Figure 11.9d Anterior Right hand

18. Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs • The muscles of the lower limbs are larger and more powerful than those of the upper limbs. • These muscles can be divided into three groups: • Muscles that move the thigh. • Muscles that move the leg. • Muscles that move the foot and toes.

19. Muscles That Move the Thigh: Lateral Rotators and Extensors Figure 11.10a Deep Posterior Hip Figure 11.10c Gluteal Muscles

20. Muscles That Move the Thigh: Adductors and Flexors Figure 11.11a Deep Anterior Hip

21. Adductors and Flexors of the Thigh • Summary of the muscles acting on the hip Hip Muscles PLAY

22. Muscles That Move the Leg: Extensors Figure 11.12b Anterior Thigh Muscles Figure 11.13a Lateral Thigh

23. Muscles That Move the Leg: Flexors Figure 11.13b Medial Thigh Muscles Figure 11.14a Posterior Thigh

24. Muscles That Move the Leg • Summary of the muscles acting on the knee Thigh Muscles PLAY

25. Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes Figure 11.15a Superficial Sura Figure 11.15c Deep Sura

26. Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes Figure 11.16a Medial Leg Figure 11.16b Lateral Leg

27. Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes Figure 11.17a Anterior Leg

28. Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes Figure 11.17 Anterior Leg

29. Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes • Summary of the muscles in the leg Leg Muscles PLAY

30. Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot Figure 11.18a Dorsal Foot

31. Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot Figure 11.18c Sectional Foot Figure 11.18d Superficial Plantar View

32. Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot Figure 11.18e Deep Foot Figure 11.18f Superficial Plantar View

33. Fascia, Muscle Layers, and Compartments • Dense connective tissue layers provide a structural framework for the soft tissues of the body. • The connective tissue fibers of the deep fasciae support and interconnect adjacent skeletal muscles but permit independent movement. • The deep fascia extends between the bones and the superficial fascia and separates the soft tissues of the limb into separate compartments.

34. Compartments of the Upper Limb Figure 11.19a,b,d,e Musculoskeletal Compartments of the Upper Limb

35. Compartments of the Upper Limb Figure 11.19c,f Musculoskeletal Compartments of the Upper Limb

36. Compartments of the Lower Limb Figure 11.20a-d Musculoskeletal Compartments of the Lower Limb

37. Compartments of the Lower Limb Figure 11.20e Musculoskeletal Compartments of the Lower Limb