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6.2 The Blood System

Learn about the heart's chambers, blood flow, circulatory paths, coronary arteries, heart function, and influence on heart rate through myogenic contraction and nervous system signals. Discover the function of arteries, veins, and capillaries in blood transport and the composition of blood.

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6.2 The Blood System

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  1. 6.2 The Blood System

  2. The Heart • Transport system consists of the heart and associated blood vessels • Heart pumps blood to pulmonary circuit (lungs) for gas exchange • The heart consists of 4 chambers • 2 atria which are on the top (right and left) • 2 ventricles which are on the b (right and left)

  3. Flow of Blood Heart • Blood enters right atrium from vena cava • Goes through the Tricuspid valve • Move to the right ventricle • Pumped through the pulmonary valve (pulmonary artery) • To the lungs (gas exchange)(pulmonary veins) • To the left atrium • Through the Bicuspid valve • To the left ventricle • Through the aortic valve and out of the heart

  4. Two Circulatory Paths • Systemic: blood flows from the heart to the body (out the aorta and back through the vena cava) • Pulmonary: blood flows from the heart to the lungs (out through the pulmonary artery to the lungs and back to the heart through the pulmonary vein)

  5. Coronary Arteries • Located outside of the heart and supply the heart cells with nutrients and clear metabolic waste products • Can become blocked which can lead to a heart attack

  6. Actions of the Heart • Atria receive blood from body (right) and from the lungs (left) • Ventricles are more powerful: pump blood a greater distance • When AV valves are closed (atrioventricular) then the semilunar valves are open and vica versa • Valves control the direction of blood flow

  7. Control of the Heart • Myogenic muscle contraction - Signal for heartbeat comes from the heart not the brain • - Signal originates in the Sinoatrial Node (SA) signal is then sent to the AV node • - SA is a specialized set of cardiac cells that generate an electric impulse • - The implusespreads across the atria at a speed of approx 1m per sec., causing the atria to contract

  8. SA node and Bundle of His

  9. Influences to heart rate • Heart beat set by SA node • Nervous system can influence heart rate by impulses delivered by medulla oblongata • Increase or decrease if there is a need for oxygen • Endocrine system also influences heart rate • Increase or decrease by releasing adrenalin

  10. Arteries • Largest circulatory vessels • Take blood away from the heart • Have high pressure • Aorta is the largest artery in the body • Most carry oxygenated blood except the pulmonary artery

  11. Veins • Bring blood back to the heart • Carry most deoxygenated blood (except the pulmonary vein) • Superior and inferior vena cava (top and bottom) bring blood back to the heart

  12. Capillaries • Most numerous of all blood vessels • Contain only endothelium • One cell thick • Carry out exchange of materials between blood and body cells

  13. Blood flow through arteries, veins and capillaries Heart  arteries  arterioles  capillaries  venules  veins  heart

  14. Cell fragments called… A straw-coloured liquid called… Plasma Composition of Blood Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Carries dissolved substances: CO2 Other wastes Hormones Food molecules Carry oxygen Fight Infection Help with blood clotting

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