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Digital Immigrants Digital Natives & The Information Age

Digital Immigrants Digital Natives & The Information Age. Fred Stein and Many others fstein@mitre.org. Case # 07-1050 Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited. Digital Immigrants Dilemma. j Seems to Happen all the time to me New Cameras, New Software, New Ideas.

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Digital Immigrants Digital Natives & The Information Age

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  1. Digital Immigrants Digital Natives & The Information Age Fred Stein and Many others fstein@mitre.org Case # 07-1050 Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited.

  2. Digital Immigrants Dilemma jSeems to Happen all the time to me New Cameras, New Software, New Ideas Case # 07-1050 Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited.

  3. The Digital Native is Born – 1980 - 1985 They are on the Front Line 23 to 28 HS Grad Gifts: iPod and Camera Phone 2003 Started online banking & Bill pay 2003 Second Job; Joined Match.com2004 YouTube; Switched to Google Maps 2006 Fourth Job; GPS in car,HD TV, Xbox 360 2007 Taught LOGO in Elementary school 1994 Web is primary source of news 2000 Enters HS Shares MP3s on Napster 2000 Enters Middle School; Uses AOL for homework 1996 10 yr after 1st Consumer Computer 1985 3rd Generation Video games Super Mario 5th Generation Video games Grand Theft Auto 6th Generation Video games Halo 3 4th Generation Video games Everquest 1969ARPANETis born 2004 Second Browser Wars 2007 Web 2.0 Facebook One Laptop per Child 2002 Internet exceeds 170 million hosts 1985 Windows 1.0 1990 CERN researcherconceives the “web” 1994 Shopping malls arrive on the net; secure cybercash 1996 DSL and Cable modems; eBay 1999 Web 1.0 “Dot Com”; Yahoo 2001 10,000-player online video games 2004 MySpace Wikipedia Jay Crossler MITRE &Lee Rainie, Pew Internet & American Life Project

  4. Pacing Ideas – Exploiting Information Age • Openness – Make boundaries Porous – “IP” must be shared • Peering – Allow Self Organization – Social networking / Social Bookmarks • Sharing – Allow Encourage Peer to peer exchanges - Establish Incentives - Reduce Disincentives • Act Globally – Exploit Locally – Use the Information Domain • Create and Exploit COIs • Participatory Structure for Networks – Manage and Fight Networks MUST BE ABLE TO SEE THEM • Understand Evolving Technologies and Look to Incorporate them - Make Advanced Technology work with Low Tech – Can we make Web Two tech work in the Military ? • Contribution Increase when all can see Higher Goals “ Why Generation” • Communications is SOCIAL – People still rule Case # 07-1050 Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited.

  5. Success = Scale Top Down – Centralized Traditional Hierarchy Organization Information Hoarding Local Awareness Arms Length Relationships Success = Scale and Complexity Empowering the “Edges” Hybrid Organization Information Sharing Shared Awareness Collaboration & Synchronization Digital Camera Right Format Not Networked Film Camera Wrong Format Not Networked Phone Camera Right Format Networked • New Behaviors • New Relationships • New Competencies • New Technologies Global Trends Or it is a Personnel Trainer Video receiver Audio storehouse Personnel locator Parental Oversight?? More…. Industrial Age Information Age Case # 07-1050 Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited.

  6. Increasing Velocity of Change Machines – Connectivity People – Connectiveness Connectiveness - Collaboration Industrial Age Information Age In less than one decade Industrial Age to the Information Age Characterized by • Orders of Magnitude more Interfaces (technically) – More machines talk to more machines, more data bases to more data bases • Orders of Magnitude more people “talk” to more and different people, more informal organizations are formed both within and between traditional organizations – its all about Interconnectivity • All of these changes are taking place an environment of Connectivity - Machine Transformation Connectiveness – Peering – Contributing not just retrieving

  7. More than a cultural phenomenon • Impacts Operations becomes Surrogate C2 • Intelligence collection/distribution Gaming Smart Phone Powerpoint BLOG VTC Digital Immigrants Chat/Instant Messaging Cell Phone Voice Shared Application Email ipod Since 1999 …. Theme I: The Digital Divide New Cyber World Old World

  8. The Emerging Theory of War The New Reference Material Globalization and Electrons vs Atoms Killer Apps – Spreadsheet – PC Router – Internet one Browser – Web one Wireless – Internet two WIKI etc Web two Next? Old Web is a Newspaper Read by Digital Immigrants > 26 yr old New Web is a Coffee Shop < 25 yr old

  9. Formation of Communities or Interest (COI) Old ones now connected New ones formed SO WHAT What effect on Staff Functions? Organization? C2? RSS News Feed Water Cooler / Virtual Water Cooler Key to Reach back? Do you IM? What is Social Bookmarking ? Culture of Sharing! SO WHAT AGAIN?

  10. Digital Immigrants The Digital Immigrant – Digital Native i Where are you on the digital immigrant to native continuum? Portable MP3 Player Connected to the Web • Uses Mashups to customize his information • Uses “Pipes “ • to customize • applications • . Uses RSS to make the web personnel Struggling with the concept of e-mail vs “snail” mail Is clueless about WIKIs and Why Blog? Assumes and Demands “Connectiveness” Is Comfortable with and Demands Mobile Social Software Wireless Picture TV phones Instant Connectivity Why do DN like Social Networks? Why do DN use Social Bookmarks ? Wireless phone That are becoming the computer Email, Web IM . Video etc Wireless handheld computer with maps Totally wired….. …totally digital …able to multi-task… …totally mobile (data, video, voice) ...doesn’t know what “LP” or “vinyl” means Digital Native

  11. Naturalized Citizen Immigrant Native Fossils 0-1 2-7 8-10 11-12 Digital Citizenship Test • Can you read this? “kdz n colleG? ms em? U2 cn lrn txtN” • Do you (not your kids or grandkids) own an ipod? • Have you tried out a Wii? What game to you like the best? • Do you use a smart phone (ie, email, video, photos …)? • Do you IM?Do you Blog? What do you learn from it? • Do you know who “Lonely Girl 15” is? • Can you name 3 popular ways to watch TV shows without a TV? • Have you ever WiFi’d in Starbucks? • Do you know the importance of “mashup” sites? Have you competed in a Mash Up competition? • What does MID mean? • What is more collaborative Sharepoint or Wiki and what is the difference?

  12. DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP CERTIFICATE OF Leadership : Digital Natives and Immigrants Need to achieve digital citizenship! THEN WHAT HOW DO WE EXPLOIT IT Need to Empower the Natives • Senior Leaders …. “digital immigrants” • Junior Leaders …. “ digital natives” • Digital immigrants are making strategic decisions on technology • Digital Nativesare changing the nature of our wars • The global insurgency is leveraging digital technologies

  13. All missions are taking place in both the Physical and Cyber Domain Electromagnetic Spectrum EM Ops Electronic Systems Cross Domain Ops Networks Net ops Offensive Defensive Infrastructure CyberSpace Transformation What impact does this have on Warfare? • Some missions remain the same but face new challenges • Ground Superiority – SA and BFT • Logistical support – SA • ISR – New missions F22 / F35 • Some missions are becoming more important • Information Operations • Public Affairs • Civil Affairs • Some are new missions • Network security • Cyber security • Network attack • Cyber attack

  14. Physical Domain NOW Tied to Cyber Domain Tied to Virtual Domain What impacts on C2and C2 + ( Command & Control Collaboration and Coordination) Changing Tactical Environment • The target set that leads to victory has enlarged • Now both Kinetic, Non Kinetic / Cyber • New target sets – now include homeland infrastructure • Finance • Power, etc • Much shorter “order to execute loop” • Shorter due to information • Shorter due to type of weapon --- cyber • Command and Control has changed • Commanders “see” more – may be good or bad • Commanders may be executors - Cyber • The capacity to communicate has exploded • New COP – Maybe UCOP / Demassifcation of Information What is the COP now ? • Both sides are using the “net” – Both Sides have are becoming part of the “Net Generation / Digital babies…”

  15. Digital Native wants to contribute to the COP – not just use it. Are we providing the tools? Enemy Activity Sadri City Example Sewage Power Distribution 2007 UDOP What is it? Who controls it?Who Inputs to it? What Impact on C2 C2 + Intelligence Doctrine Training

  16. Movement to hybrid organization responsive to full spectrum combat Starfish Vs. Spider (Brafman and Besckstron) No head - Regenerates Single Head - Dies What are the Organizational StructuresSupport Net Enabled Warfare Our Opponents Us Larger - Formal Less Flexible Loose Organizations Very Agile Data / Information WEB Internet Intranet NIPR / SIPR JWICS Word of Mouth, Cell, Email Chat, IM …. Formal staffing, Email SpiderFish Case # 07-1050 Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited.

  17. Task Organization XX x X 40 X L X 3 ING 5 1 X X 15 PS (-) 312 MI (-) DISCOM 4 2-8 2-24 1-227 1-12 (+) E 353 3-82 2-5 1-5 1-9 1-21 1-41 2-7 2-12 1-156 1-8 (-) 515 PROV 1-153 3-156 2-156 2-14 1-69 2-227 E E 13(-) 612 411 199 210 1-161 3-153 2-162 4-31 3-325 (-) 20 8 91 E 1088 II II EOD (-) 1-141 1-206 2-15 1-82 2-82 L II 4-5 304 2 L TACON L II 302 ING 39 L AL AMARA (-) II 215 115 303 15 POB 2/2 27 COM CAM II II II II II 615 MP 112 L L L L L ING ING ING ING ING 545 MP 443 CA (-) I 307 1-303 X X X X X (-) 2 10 2 256 39 (+) (-) (+) 1-7 3-8 (+) (-) (-) (-) E (-) SDD (-) (+) GS II X Base Defense 307 304 304 L 103 ING X (-) 301 IIF BAGHDAD DEFENDERS x 305 41 L ING 306 Case # 07-1050 Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited. 12 US Brigade-sized elements 62 US Battalions 322 US Companies 3 Iraqi Brigades 11 Iraqi Battalions 58 Iraqi Companies MPAD X 15 FIN (-) 75 (-)

  18. What is the Agility Scale -- How do we Engineer and Design to Allow it How agile are your systems ? Where are you on the scale? What are your feedback loops ? Case # 07-1050 Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited.

  19. Our Environment -- Our Challenges Social Domain Cultural Awareness Cognitive Domain Cognitive Advantage Plan, Organize, Deploy, Employ and Sustain Cycle Conveyed Commander’s Intent Compressed Operations Shared Awareness Network Centric Operations Physical and Cyber Domain Force Advantage Position Advantage Information Domain Information Advantage Precision Force Speed and Access

  20. Our Reality - Combat Server in Fallujah Our Environment -- Our Challenges Social Domain Cultural Awareness Cognitive Domain Cognitive Advantage Plan, Organize, Deploy, Employ and Sustain Cycle Conveyed Commander’s Intent Compressed Operations Shared Awareness Network Centric Operations Physical and Cyber Domain Force Advantage Position Advantage Information Domain Information Advantage Precision Force Speed and Access

  21. Questions “Soldiers can go Weeks without food, Days without Water, but only Minutes without Data” No Warrior Fights Alone

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