The Netherlands. goldstein.nl

1. The Netherlands.www.goldstein.nl

2. ART Aggression Replacement Training Marjo Veenstra……

3. ART • What is ART? • ART is a program to change aggressive behavior. • ART is a cognitive behavior based training. • It’s developed by three American authority's in human behavior: • A.P. Goldstein, • B. Glick and • J.C. Gibbs. • (Lit.: Aggression Replacement Training Research Press 1998 ISBN 0-87822-379-7)

4. The three components of ART: • Social Skills/Skill Streaming (the behavioral component) • Anger Control Training (the emotional component) • Moral Reasoning Training (the values component)

5. ART is used as a program in • Schools. • Juvenile correctional institutions, • Probation, • Penitentiary institutions, • All over the world, for example in the USA, Canada, Great Britain, Sweden, The Netherlands, Hungary, Turkey and now also in Croatia.

6. ART Social Skills/Skill Streaming • The method aims at conditions through witch clients: • • increase their social skills • • acquire useful patterns of behavior • • reduce their social anxieties • • develop realistic expectations towards • - practical value • - their own competences

7. ART Social Skills/Skill Streaming Working elements • Steps • Modeling • Behavior training • Reinforcement • Transfertraining

8. ART Social Skills/Skill Streaming Steps • Making a complaint • 1. Decide what your complaint is. (Think) • 2. Decide what you would like done about it. (Think) • 3. Decide whom to complain to. (Think) • 4. Tell that person your complaint and what you would like done about it. (Act) • 5. Ask if he/she can and will do what you have suggested. (Act)

9. ART Social Skills/Skill Streaming • Steps 2. Understanding the feelings of others • 1. Watch the other person and listen to what they are saying. (Think & Act) • 2. Figure out what the person might be feeling. (Think) • 3. Think about ways to show you understand what he/she is feeling. (Think) • 4. Decide on the best way and do it. (Think & Act)

10. ART Social Skills/Skill Streaming • Modeling DVD

11. ART Anger Control Training ANGER CONTROL CHAIN • *TRIGGERS • *CUES • *ANGER REDUCERS • *REMINDERS • *THINKING AHEAD • *SOCIAL SKILL • *SELF EVALUATION

12. ART Anger Control Training Modeling. DVD

13. ART Anger Control Training Triggers • External – Things that happen outside of a person about which they become angry. • Internal – Statements made to self interpret an external trigger that lead to higher levels of anger arousal

14. ART Anger Control Training • Cues: • Physical signs that let a person know • they are becoming angry. (e.g. • shortness of breath, clenched fists,..)

15. ART Anger Control Training • Cues: Physical signs that let a person know they are becoming angry. (e.g. shortness of breath, clenched fists,..) • Anger Reducers: For example: deep breathing, backward counting pleasant Imagery

16. ART Anger Control Training • Reminders: Self-talk designed to decrease anger arousal. (I’m OK, It’s no big deal, He’s not worth it.) • Thinking Ahead: Individual judges internal and external short - and long-term consequences of current behavior • Self-Evaluation: Individual judges how well they handled a situation and and/or self-rewards

17. ART Moral Reasening Based on Kohlberg stages of moral development Immature moralities stage 1 and 2 Mature moralities: stage 3 and 4 • Stage 1: Power, ' Might makes rights • Stage 2: Deals, ‘You scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours‘ • Stage 3: ‘Treat others as you would hope they would treat you‘ In mutual morality • Stage 4 : Systems Are you contributing to society ?‘

18. ART Moral Reasening Stage 1: Power, ' Might makes rights‘ • Morality is whatever big or powerful people say you have to do. • It’s wrong if you do get punished; punishment makes it wrong. if you don’t get punished for what you do whatever you do it’s OK. • Physical damage or other obvious injury-but not psychological suffering-is noticed and acknowledged to be wrong. • Individuals tend to spot clichés you should never tell a lie) without much understanding of what they mean

19. ART Moral Reasening Stage 2: Deals, ‘You scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours‘ • Morality is an exchange of favors. • You should ask or figure ”what’s in it for me”. • Individuals maintains relationships and obeys rules because they perceive to it to be to their own advantage. • Punishment is simple a risk that one naturally wants to avoid. • Individuals may assert that nobody should ”boss anybody around” People should mind their own business, every body has his own point a view as to what’s right and wrong. in the in “think whatever you want”…….

20. ART Moral Reasening Stage 3: ‘Treat others as you would hope they would treat you‘ In mutual morality. • The relationship itself becomes a value: trust and mutual caring are real and important. • People can really care about other people, can have trust in them, feel part of a ‘we’. • Try to understand if your friend is acting hostile or selfish. • One behaves in a pro-social manner because they wish to be treated as a “good” person

21. ART Moral Reasening Stage 4 : Systems Are you contributing to society ?‘ • This morality involves interdependence and cooperation for the sake of society. • Honoring your commitments is a sign of good character. • Be a good model consistent and fair but also flexible. • In difficult situations, retaining integrity and self-respect may mean becoming unpopular

22. ART Moral Reasening • Moral dilema’s DVD Sara’s problemsituation

23. ART Moral Reasening • What should Sarah say, yes or no? • Why should she say ......... • Is it OK from her friend to ask........ • What should Sara do if other colleagues do this too......... • Suppose you are the shop owner, what should Sara do..... • How important is it to be honest in your job......

24. Working with Cognitive Distortions Thinking Errors or Cognitive Distortions

25. Cognitive Distortions • Self-centered Thinking: Thinking about only your own needs or interests, not caring about others. One example is saying;“If I lie to people, it is nobody’s business but mine

26. Cognitive Distortions • Assuming the Worst Acting as if the worst outcome in a situation is the only possible outcome. Thinking people are out to get you. One example is saying ; “I might as well lie, people won’t believe me if I tell the truth.”

27. Cognitive Distortions • Blaming Others • Not accepting responsibility for your choices and consequences. Making it seem like someone forced you to act how you did. Saying someone else is responsible. One example is saying, “People make me lie when they ask too many questions.”

28. Cognitive Distortions • Minimizing/mislabeling Trying to make something ‘okay’ by making it less than or different from what it really is. One example is saying: “Everybody lies, it’s no big deal.”

29. ART What’s new? • Multiple modal intervention Instruments we use: role play, modeling, DVD, strips, structured learning therapy, group discussion • It’s evidence based. • The research is done worldwide • A cognitive approach. We train to replace (unwanted) behavior. Our goal is to replace new behavior for old (not wanted) behavior .

30. ART Keywords • Modeling • • Practice • • Reinforcement • • Transfer-training

31. www.goldstein.nl Marjo Veenstra