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Unit One: Becoming African America

Unit One: Becoming African America. Africa. Africa is geographically, ethnically, religiously, politically, and culturally diverse West Africa is typically the ancestral homeland of most African Americans There are several ancient civilizations of West Africa. Pg 80- 83.

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Unit One: Becoming African America

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  1. Unit One: Becoming African America

  2. Africa • Africa is geographically, ethnically, religiously, politically, and culturally diverse • West Africa is typically the ancestral homeland of most African Americans • There are several ancient civilizations of West Africa

  3. Pg 80- 83 Ancient West African Civilizations

  4. European Exploration • Portugal & Spain led the way in European exploration in the 15th century • In need of labor for their colonies in the “New World,” they focused on Africans • There was already a thriving slave trade in Africa • Africans traded slaves to Europeans, often times due to rivalries among tribes

  5. Motives for the Expansion of Slavery • European demand for sugar drove up prices, making sugar plantations very profitable • Because the cultivation of sugar is extremely labor intensive, the Native labor supply could not meet the demands of the sugar industry • African slaves were then imported to meet this demand

  6. The Slave Trade in Africa • Race was not a factor in the slave trade in Africa • Usually slaves taken for use in Africa were used as concubines & domestic servants (women & children) or as soldiers (men) • Slaves were often captured in warfare • They were forced to trading posts on the coast • Slaves were stuffed tightly in slave ships for the trip across the Atlantic Ocean

  7. Conditions on Slave Ships • Poor sanitation • Insufficient food • Widespread disease • Cramped conditions • Sexual abuse of women by crew of ships • Slaves would throw themselves overboard to drown • Resistance & rebellion commonly occurred

  8. Atlantic Slave Trade

  9. The Middle Passage • The “Middle Passage” was the middle leg in a triangular trade that linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas. • On this middle leg, slaves purchased with European products were transported to the Americas • Once there, they worked in agriculture, producing commodities for the European market

  10. Triangle Trade

  11. Seasoning Process • Most slaves who survived the journey were first sold in the Caribbean (West Indies) • They were “seasoned,” by learning their new jobs, environments, language, and rules • Behaviors & attitudes were modified to break connections with Africa • The goal was to produce efficient & effective laborers • Slaves were subjected to the humiliation of examination & sale • They were often purchased by British & later American plantation owners for work in North America

  12. Seasoning Process

  13. Seasoning Process

  14. Characteristics of Slavery in America • Most slaves were men, used for agricultural labor • Slaves became personal property, losing basic rights. • The slave trade was outlawed: • Britain in 1807 • United States in 1808

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