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Physical Geography of SW & Central Asia, and N. Africa

Physical Geography of SW & Central Asia, and N. Africa. Ch. 17. Bodies of Water. Black Sea. Caspian Sea. Dardanelles Strait . Atlantic Ocean.  Tigris River. Mediterranean Sea. Euphrates River . Jordan River . Suez Canal . Strait of  Hormuz. Persian Gulf. Nile River .

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Physical Geography of SW & Central Asia, and N. Africa

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  1. Physical Geography of SW & Central Asia, and N. Africa Ch. 17

  2. Bodies of Water Black Sea Caspian Sea Dardanelles Strait AtlanticOcean TigrisRiver Mediterranean Sea EuphratesRiver Jordan River Suez Canal Strait ofHormuz Persian Gulf Nile River Gulf ofOman Red Sea ArabianSea Gulf of Aden IndianOcean

  3. Seas & Peninsulas • Arabian Peninsula • Separated from Africa by Gulf of Aden & Red Sea • Sinai Pen. & Suez Canal separate the land to the north/west • Persian Gulf is on the east side Gulf of Aden

  4. Seas & Peninsulas • Anatolia Pen. • Black Sea to N • Aegean Sea to W • Mediterranean Sea to S • Many straits connecting seas ($$) Bosporus Strait Aegean Sea ANATOLIA

  5. Dardenelles Bosporus Strait

  6. Seas & Peninsulas • Strait of Gibraltar • Separates Africa from Iberian Pen. • Only a dozen miles or so wide • ‘gateway to Africa’

  7. Strait of Gibraltar

  8. Seas & Peninsulas • Dead Sea • On Jordan River (border w/ Israel) • 8X saltier than any ocean- How come? • In the 50s • L= 262 m, W= 57 m • Today • L= 42 m, W= 11 m

  9. TheJordan RiverSystem: Israel & Jordan--A Fight OverWater Rights?

  10. Dead Sea: Lowest Point on Earth 2,300’ below sea level HighestSaltContent(33%)

  11. Seas & Peninsulas • Caspian Sea • Largest inland/landlocked body of water (lake) • But it is salt water!! (remnants of larger sea) • Facing evaporation increases, decrease in flow from feeder rivers, and increase in irrigation/industry uses

  12. Seas & Peninsulas • Aral Sea • Use to be lg & have productive fishing • Shrunk drastically due to USSR draining it for irrigation • Ppl build sm. dams to create basins of freshwater from rivers

  13. Rivers • Nile River • Longest in world • Flows NORTH to Med. Sea • 90% of Egyptians live in delta or along river (= 3% of land) • Faces great flood seasons  built Aswan High Dam for control Aswan High Dam

  14. The Mighty Nile River:“Longest River in the World”

  15. Egypt: The “Gift of the Nile” Nile Delta Annual Nile Flooding 90% of the Egyptian people live on 3% of the land!

  16. Aswan High Dam, Egypt HydroelectricPower Plant

  17. Suez Canal Completed by the British in 1869

  18. Rivers • Tigris & Euphrates • Mesopotamia or ‘land b/w two rivers’; aka Fertile Crescent • Join to form Shatt al Arab • Border of Iraq & Iran • Wars & treaties over it

  19. Rivers • Wadis- dry streambeds that will fill with heavy rain  flash floods (seasonal) • Since they are typically arid, creates mud quickly dangerous mud flows Wadi in Oman

  20. Wadis – Instant Springs

  21. Plains, Plateaus, & Mtns. • Since most is desert/steppe agricultural base = coastal areas of Med. Sea, Caspian Sea, & Persian Gulf • Atlas Mtns • Longest mtn range • Stretches from Morocco to Algeria • Northern side of Atlas allows for lots of agric. (farms, fishing, livestock) • Rainy side, Med. climate

  22. Plains, Plateaus, & Mtns. • Hejaz & Asir • West coast of Arabian Pen. • Rainshadow effect to Central Plateau • Caucasus Mtns • b/w Black & Caspian Sea • Seen as border b/w European Russia & Asia

  23. Mountain Ranges in Mid-East Elburz Mts., Iran Zagros Mts., Iran Lebanese Mts. Taurus Mts., Turkey

  24. Plains, Plateaus, & Mtns. • Garagum (Karakum)- • Black sand desert, covers 70% of Turkmenistan • Qizilqum (Kyzyl Kum)- • Red sand desert in Uzbekistan & Kazakhstan Use wide spaces for livestock

  25. Hejaz Rub’ al Khali Asir

  26. Desert Bedouins

  27. Swarms of Desert Locusts! Israel Hit By Worst Locust Plague Since the 1950s! Locusts Swarm the Pyramids Complex at Giza!

  28. Fresh Groundwater Sources

  29. DesalinizationPlants

  30. Tectonic Activity • Meeting point of the African, Arabian, & Eurasian plates • Reason for mountainous terrain • Many earthquakes • Turkey 1999 • Iran has 90% of land on faults • Landforms still Δing • Red Sea

  31. Natural Resources • Oil (petroleum) & nat. gas are region’s most abundant resources • 70% of world’s oil • 33% of world’s nat. gas • Reserves are still being discovered! • WWII sparked production as we moved to modern industry/reliance

  32. The Natural Resources of theMiddle East

  33. World Oil Reserves

  34. Persian Gulf Oil Exports (2003)

  35. Saudi Oil Fields & Refineries

  36. Kuwait: An Island Floating on a Sea of Oil KuwaitCity

  37. Leading U. S. Oil Suppliers The U. S. imports 30% of its oil needs from the Middle East.

  38. Natural Resources Completed Dubai Tower, Monday night • Why might such heavy dependence on oil be risky? • Many countries are now diversifying • UAE  banking, info. tech, tourism • Libya  infrastructure, fisheries

  39. Homework • Complete the Guided Reading for Ch. 17 Sec. 2

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