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Computer & related services

Computer & related services. Outline. 1. How Defined? 2. Why Important for ecommerce? 3. Government Measures. 1.How Defined?. GATS Services Sectoral Classification List Doc. A sub-sector of business and professional services

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Computer & related services

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  1. Computer & related services

  2. Outline • 1. How Defined? • 2. Why Important for ecommerce? • 3. Government Measures

  3. 1.How Defined? GATS Services Sectoral Classification List Doc. • A sub-sector of business and professional services • includes 5 sub-categories under the United Nations Provisional Central Product Classification (CPC)

  4. CPC Descriptions • 1. CPC 841 Consultancy Services Related to the Installation of Computer Hardware: (assistance services to the clients)

  5. 2. CPC 842 Software Implementation Services: (all involving consultancy on, development and implementation of software, e.g. different programmes developed for special applications.)

  6. 2.1 CPC8421 System & Software Consulting Services: • Services of a general nature prior to the development of data processing system and applications. • e.g. management services, project planning services

  7. 2.2CPC 8422SystemsAnalysisService • Analyzing the clients’ needs • Defining functional specification • Setting up the team • Project management • Technical coordination and integration • Definition of the systems of architecture

  8. 2.3 CPC 8423System Design Service • Technical solutions: methodology, quality-assurance, choice of equipment software packages or new technologies, etc.

  9. 2.4 CPC8424Programming Services • The implementation phase: • Writing and debugging programmes • Conducting tests • Editing documents

  10. 2.5 CPC 8425System Maintenance Services • Consulting & technical assistance services of software products in use • Rewriting or changing existing programmes or systems • Maintaining up-to-date software documentation & manuals & specialist work, e.g. conversions

  11. 3.CPC 8431Data Processing Services • Input preparation services: • Data recording • e.g. key punching, optional scanning, other methods for data entry

  12. 3.1CPC 8432Data Processing & Tabulation Services • Data processing • Tabulation service • Computer calculating services • Rental of computer time

  13. 3.2 CPC 8433Time-sharing Services • UNCPC: no big difference with data-processing and tabulation services

  14. 3.3 CPC 8439: Others • Manage the full operations of a customer’s facilities under contract: • Computer-room environmental quality control services • Management services of in-place computer equipment combinations, computer work flows, distributions

  15. 4. CPC 844Database Services • All services provided from primarily structured databases through a communication network • Esp. exclude ‘data & message transmission services’ & ‘documentation retrieval services’

  16. 5. CPC 849Other Computer Services • Data preparation services • Other computer services: e.g. Training staff of clients

  17. What Uncertainties Arise Between the Software & Services under GAT?? • If: Package software is treated as a good. • ? Consultants hired by a firm producing package software covered by GATS Mode 4 commitments? • ? Served on-line, a service or a good? • Maybe customized software – a service

  18. Any Overlap With Telecommunication Service? • h. Electronic mail • i. Voice mail • j. On-line information and data base retrieval • k. electronic data interchange (EDI) • l. enhanced/value-added facsimile services, incl. store and forward, store and retrieve(CPC 7523)

  19. 2. Why Important For E-commerce? • Facts: 1985-1995 IT market structure changes: • 1. Importance of hardware Software/ services47%52% 2. PCs & workstations21%31% Large-scale computer systems, mini-computers30%13%

  20. 3.importance of customized software the use of system integration services 4.the continuing trend of corporate reorganization, IT services, consultancy services are more needed. 5.outsourcing of information systems becomes a common element of corporate strategies.

  21. Reasons: • 1. worth US $161 billion in OECD in 1995 • 2. grow by 10% since 1987 • 3. the 2nd largest contributor to IT market • 4. high growth in export & import

  22. 5. lead to new employment, of skilled, well-paying jobs esp. • 6. increase labor costs in IT industry by 35%-50% by 2000 • Labor-demand characteristics • The GATS mode of movement of natural persons

  23. 3. Government Measures • Relevant areas: • Labour policies • Research & development support • Technical standards • Tariffs on computer equipment • Government procurement on information services

  24. Government procurement on information services : Rules: 1.GATS XIII 2.WTO Agreement Annex 4 Agreement on Government Procurement

  25. Thank You ;) The End

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