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Understanding Computer and Related Services: Importance for E-commerce and Government Measures

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This outline explores the definition and significance of computer and related services within the context of e-commerce. It delves into the GATS services classification, detailing subcategories such as consultancy, software implementation, data processing, and database services. The document emphasizes the growing importance of IT services, highlighting trends in outsourcing and corporate strategies that drive demand. Additionally, it discusses government measures affecting the sector, including labor policies and technical standards to support this rapidly evolving field in the global marketplace.

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Understanding Computer and Related Services: Importance for E-commerce and Government Measures

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  1. Computer & related services

  2. Outline • 1. How Defined? • 2. Why Important for ecommerce? • 3. Government Measures

  3. 1.How Defined? GATS Services Sectoral Classification List Doc. • A sub-sector of business and professional services • includes 5 sub-categories under the United Nations Provisional Central Product Classification (CPC)

  4. CPC Descriptions • 1. CPC 841 Consultancy Services Related to the Installation of Computer Hardware: (assistance services to the clients)

  5. 2. CPC 842 Software Implementation Services: (all involving consultancy on, development and implementation of software, e.g. different programmes developed for special applications.)

  6. 2.1 CPC8421 System & Software Consulting Services: • Services of a general nature prior to the development of data processing system and applications. • e.g. management services, project planning services

  7. 2.2CPC 8422SystemsAnalysisService • Analyzing the clients’ needs • Defining functional specification • Setting up the team • Project management • Technical coordination and integration • Definition of the systems of architecture

  8. 2.3 CPC 8423System Design Service • Technical solutions: methodology, quality-assurance, choice of equipment software packages or new technologies, etc.

  9. 2.4 CPC8424Programming Services • The implementation phase: • Writing and debugging programmes • Conducting tests • Editing documents

  10. 2.5 CPC 8425System Maintenance Services • Consulting & technical assistance services of software products in use • Rewriting or changing existing programmes or systems • Maintaining up-to-date software documentation & manuals & specialist work, e.g. conversions

  11. 3.CPC 8431Data Processing Services • Input preparation services: • Data recording • e.g. key punching, optional scanning, other methods for data entry

  12. 3.1CPC 8432Data Processing & Tabulation Services • Data processing • Tabulation service • Computer calculating services • Rental of computer time

  13. 3.2 CPC 8433Time-sharing Services • UNCPC: no big difference with data-processing and tabulation services

  14. 3.3 CPC 8439: Others • Manage the full operations of a customer’s facilities under contract: • Computer-room environmental quality control services • Management services of in-place computer equipment combinations, computer work flows, distributions

  15. 4. CPC 844Database Services • All services provided from primarily structured databases through a communication network • Esp. exclude ‘data & message transmission services’ & ‘documentation retrieval services’

  16. 5. CPC 849Other Computer Services • Data preparation services • Other computer services: e.g. Training staff of clients

  17. What Uncertainties Arise Between the Software & Services under GAT?? • If: Package software is treated as a good. • ? Consultants hired by a firm producing package software covered by GATS Mode 4 commitments? • ? Served on-line, a service or a good? • Maybe customized software – a service

  18. Any Overlap With Telecommunication Service? • h. Electronic mail • i. Voice mail • j. On-line information and data base retrieval • k. electronic data interchange (EDI) • l. enhanced/value-added facsimile services, incl. store and forward, store and retrieve(CPC 7523)

  19. 2. Why Important For E-commerce? • Facts: 1985-1995 IT market structure changes: • 1. Importance of hardware Software/ services47%52% 2. PCs & workstations21%31% Large-scale computer systems, mini-computers30%13%

  20. 3.importance of customized software the use of system integration services 4.the continuing trend of corporate reorganization, IT services, consultancy services are more needed. 5.outsourcing of information systems becomes a common element of corporate strategies.

  21. Reasons: • 1. worth US $161 billion in OECD in 1995 • 2. grow by 10% since 1987 • 3. the 2nd largest contributor to IT market • 4. high growth in export & import

  22. 5. lead to new employment, of skilled, well-paying jobs esp. • 6. increase labor costs in IT industry by 35%-50% by 2000 • Labor-demand characteristics • The GATS mode of movement of natural persons

  23. 3. Government Measures • Relevant areas: • Labour policies • Research & development support • Technical standards • Tariffs on computer equipment • Government procurement on information services

  24. Government procurement on information services : Rules: 1.GATS XIII 2.WTO Agreement Annex 4 Agreement on Government Procurement

  25. Thank You ;) The End

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