World History Science and Exploration

1. World HistoryScience and Exploration Mrs. Kercher 8th Grade Gifted

2. Essential Question How did new ideas lead to exploration and cultural and economic change?

3. The Scientific Revolution The Big Idea: Europeans developed a new way of gaining knowledge, leading to a Scientific Revolution that changed the way people thought about the world. Can anyone explain this?

4. Birth of Modern Science • Science was a completely different way of looking at the world. • Science starts with observations, and then scientists begin to identify the facts. • The explanations that scientists develop based on the facts are called theories. • Scientists design experiments to prove their theories.

5. Roots of the Revolution • Many ideas of the Scientific Revolution had been expressed in ancient times. • Greek thinkers such as Aristotle and Ptolemy were rationalists. Europeans studies their work and also began to view the world in a rational way, thinking like scientists. • Rationalists looked at the world in a rational, or reasonable and logical way. • Developments in Europe, such as the growth of humanism, helped bring about this revolution.

6. Discoveries and Inventions • Columbus set out to sail to Asia using a map created by Ptolemy. • He reached North America first. • This proved that the ancient Greek authorities were incorrect. • This led other people to question the theories of the ancient Greeks.

7. Advances in Astronomy • Copernicus published a book that contradicted what Ptolemy had written • This marked the beginning of the Scientific Revolution. • Ptolemy believed the earth was at the center of the universe. • Copernicus said the planets orbited the sun.

8. Advances in Astronomy • Brahe charted the positions of the stars, using careful observation and detailed recordings. • Kepler observed planets moving in oval orbits, not circular ones. • Galilei was the first person to study the sky with a telescope. He used experiments to test his theories.

9. Sir Isaac Newton • He was a British scientist who wrote the book Principia Mathematica. • He noted as the greatest scientist who ever lived. • Some of his theories have been proved so many times that they are now called laws. • He is known for the law of gravity and laws of motion.

10. New Inventions • Simple Microscope • Thermometer • Improved telescope • Barometer • These inventions and many more gave scientists tools to make more accurate observations and to conduct experiments.

11. Effects on Society • The scientific method provided steps to performing experiments and research. • The use of reason to consider the problems of society led philosophers to look at ways to improve society. • The idea that all things in nature were equal led people to believe that since all laws in society were equal, everyone should be equal as well. • This led to a more democratic idea for government.

12. Biographical Backgrounds • Brahe, Galilei, and van Leeuwenhoek • Read and reflect on the three scientists. • Create three word art pictures using their last names and incorporating their accomplishments.