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Galileo – a UK Success Story

Galileo – a UK Success Story. Pat Norris MRAeS, FRIN LogicaCMG Business Development Manager Chairman, RAeS Space Group. Plan of the presentation. GPS GLONASS Galileo UK in Galileo. How does GNSS Work?. Alternative satellite navigation concepts.

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Galileo – a UK Success Story

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  1. Galileo – a UK Success Story Pat Norris MRAeS, FRIN LogicaCMG Business Development Manager Chairman, RAeS Space Group

  2. Plan of the presentation • GPS • GLONASS • Galileo • UK in Galileo

  3. How does GNSS Work?

  4. Alternative satellite navigation concepts • The US Navy Transit system popularised an alternative approach to determining position using satellites • this approach uses the change in the Doppler shift of a radio beacon to provide positioning information • The concept is still operational in the SARSAT/COSPAS emergency location system

  5. 1 m 10 m 1 cm 1 mm How Accurate is GPS?

  6. Selective Availability Reduced to Zero

  7. GPS Modernization Path Increasing System Capabilities w Increasing Defense / Civil Benefit Block III Block IIR-M, IIF Block IIA/IIR • IIR-M: IIA/IIR capabilities plus • 2nd civil signal (L2C) • M-Code (L1M & L2M) • Eliminates SA for denial • Anti-jam flex power • IIF: IIR-M capability plus • 3rd civil signal (L5) • Anti-jam flex power • Block IIIA: • Increased anti-jam power • Increased security • Increased accuracy • Navigation surety • Backward compatibility • Assured availability • Controlled integrity • System survivability • 4th civil signal (L1C) • Basic GPS • Std Service (16-24m SEP) • Single frequency (L1) • Coarse acquisition (C/A) code navigation • Precise Service (16m SEP) • Y-Code (L1Y & L2Y) • Y-Code navigation

  8. GPS Civil Signals L5 L2 L1 C/A 1st Civil Block II/IIA/IIR L2C C/A 2nd Civil Block IIR-M L2C C/A I5 3rd Civil Block IIF Q5 L2C C/A L1C (TBR) I5 4th Civil Block III Q5 1176 MHz 1227 MHz 1575 MHz

  9. L2C L2C Second Civil Signal • Benefits of L2C • improves PNT for current scientific/commercial dual frequency users via ionospheric effect cancellation • extends safety-of-life, single-frequency E-911 applications • provides better protection than C/A against code cross correlation and continuous wave (CW) interference • improved data structure for enhanced data demodulation • provides backup link in case of local interference • Defined in ICD-GPS-200D • First available with IIR-M launch 21 Sep 05 • configuration of signal determined via ongoing interagency process • use L2C at user’s risk--configuration can change (NANU process) 1227.6 MHz

  10. L5 Third Civil Signal L5 • Improves signal structure for enhanced performance • higher power • wider bandwidth = 10x processing gain • longer spreading codes (10x C/A) • Aeronautical Radionavigation Services band • WRC-2000 added space signal component to this aeronautical band so aviation community can manage interference to L5 more effectively than L2 • Defined in IS-GPS-705 • First available with first GPS IIF launch (2007) 1176.45 MHz

  11. New L1C Signal Improvements L1C • Implementation will provide C/A code to ensure backward compatibility • Assured of 1.5 dB increase in minimum C/A code power to mitigate any noise floor increase • Data-less signal component pilot carrier improves tracking • Enables greater civil interoperability with Galileo L1 • First available with first GPS III launch in 2013 1575.42 MHz

  12. WAAS EGNOS MSAS Space-Based Augmentation Systems EGNOS in Europe, WAAS in the USA, MSAS in Japan Related systems planned in India, China, Russia…

  13. Plan of the presentation • GPS • GLONASS • Galileo • UK in Galileo

  14. History and Perspectives of the GLONASS Constellation • GLONASS deployment milestones: • 18 satellites in constellation – 2007 • 24 satellites in constellation – 2010-2011 Source: Glonass

  15. GLONASS Performance • Problems of pure present GLONASS performances • new satellite – outdated ground control assets • limited area for orbit tracking (Russian territory) • time keeping system needs to be modernized SISRE,m GLONASS 20.03.2005 –20.06.2005 GPS The GLONASS Accuracy Improvement Program is in implementation Source: Glonass

  16. Results of GLONASS Program implementation for 2002-2004 12/2001: 6 SV, A=17 gap = 13.7h 12/2002: 8 SV, A=22 gap = 9.3h 12/2003: 9 SV, A=35 gap = 9.0h Since 2001the gap in navigation with GLONASSreduced from 14 to 3 hours 12/2004: 11 SV, A=58 gap = 4.6h 03/2005: 13 SV, A=76 gap = 2.9h 12/2007: 18 SV, A=96 gap = 0.6h Source: Glonass

  17. GLONASS Modernization Plan Source: Glonass

  18. GLONASS Performance Modernization Plan • Satellite modernization • clock stability improvement • dynamic model improvement (attitude accuracy, eclipse passing algorithm) • Receiving monitoring stations (RMS) network extension • Space Force network (3 stations) • Roskosmos network (9-12 stations) • international cooperation (IGS network) • GLONASS time keeping system modernization • new system clocks with high stability (2 distributed clocks) • synchronization system modernization • OD&TS software modernization based on one-way code and phase data processing GPS level accuracy for GLONASS to be achieved by 2008 Source: Glonass

  19. Plan of the presentation • GPS • GLONASS • Galileo • UK in Galileo

  20. The European Galileo System 30 satellites in 3 orbital planes 120° apart 27 operational plus 3 in-orbit spares Inclination 56° Altitude ~22,900 km Period ~14 hours In-Orbit Validation(IOV):2 prototype satellites4 pre-op’tnl satellites

  21. SatelliteConstellation …. IOV configuration: 2x TT&C 5x ULS 12x GSS 1x GCC C-band Tx S-band Tx/Rx Worldwide Users 10 30 5 UplinkStations Global Ground Segment Sensor Stations TT&CStations 2 Control Centres GALILEO Architecture

  22. European Commission GJU Supervisory Board GSA GJU The Customer 25 Member States Transport Council 17 Member States PB/Navigation European Space Agency GSA = Galileo Supervisory Authority GJU = Galileo Joint Undertaking IOV = In-Orbit Validation PB = Programme Board ESA – responsible for IOV

  23. Galileo Key Features • Global, European-led under civil control • Independent but compatible & interoperable with GPS • A wide range of services to be offered • Galileo is open to international partnerships

  24. Current Services Definition Commercial Service (CS) added value services Open Service (OS)free of direct user charges Safety-of-Life Service (SoL)with high integritysignals & faultindication Public Regulated Service (PRS)government encrypted signals Search and Rescue Service (S&R)for people in distress

  25. GPS GLONASS GALILEO E1 E2 E4 L5 E5 L2 G2 E6 L1 G1 C1 1164 MHz 1215 MHz 1260 MHz 1300 MHz 1559 MHz 1610 MHz 5010 MHz 5030 MHz GNSS Frequencies

  26. OS/SoL PRS CS E1 E2 E1 E2 E5b E6 E1 E2 E5a E6 1164 MHz 1215 MHz 1260 MHz 1300 MHz 1559 MHz 1610 MHz 5010 MHz 5030 MHz Frequencies and Services

  27. GNSS Development Schedules (at Sep 05) FY 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 GPS IIR GPS IIR-M GPS III Launches Space Segment R&D 1st IIR-M IIR-M - 8 IOC FOC GPS IIF IIF – 19 2021 1st IIF GPS GPS III/Hi Power M Code/L1C IOC FOC New Services L5 Source: USAF Sep 2005 IOC FOC L2C/M Code/Flex Power Galileo 26 Galileo Launches IOV Phase Galileo 2 FOC Source: LD’s Best Guess GSTB V2 9 SVs 14 18 (IOC) 24 (FOC) Glonass L2 2nd Civil signal M E5B 3rd Civil signal Source: GLONASS Sep 05 K Integrity Basic

  28. Plan of the presentation • GPS • GLONASS • Galileo • UK in Galileo • pre-development activities (including the prototype satellites) • the main development phase

  29. Galileo & the UK – 1 – the design phase Before the main development contract began (Dec ’04) UK industry had been selected to provide >30% of Galileo: • Prime-contractor of one prototype satellite, GIOVE-A: SSTL • Payload contractor for the second, GIOVE-B: Astrium UK • Prime-contractor for design of the ground segment: LogicaCMG • Subsystem level roles for ComDev, Helios, NPL, QinetiQ, SciSys, Serco and Vega Total funding at that stage ~€150M – so UK part ~€50M

  30. GSTB-V2 Programme Overview • ESA GIOVE-A • Precursor to European Galileo programme • Objective • secure frequency filing • measure MEO environment • demonstrate key payload technologies • provide Signal-in-Space for experimentation • Requirements • two year mission lifetime • low cost, rapid schedule Sir Martin Sweeting, SSTL (R) Claudio Mastracci, ESA (L)

  31. GIOVE-A Schedule QSR: Q3 03 PDR: Q4 03 CDR: Q2 05 IRR : Q3 04 TRR : Q3 05 FRR : Q4 05 LW : Dec 05 • Schedule driven by Winter ’05 launch CDR QSR PDR MR Design IRR Manufacture TRR Integration FRR Environmental Test Launch KO +5 +12 +14 +22 +25 +27

  32. Propulsion Bay Payload Frame Avionics Plate A Modular Design • Modular design • allows short duration programmes • by permitting parallel manufacture and test

  33. GIOVE-A: First Integration • Delivered to ESTEC, NL, for environmental tests - summer 2005 Antenna Payload Bay Avionics Propulsion Bay

  34. GIOVE-A Solar Arrays

  35. Jettison of Soyuz/Fregat fairing Launch – 26 December 2005 (1) Images Courtesy ESA

  36. Satellite/Fregat composite separates from Soyuz third stage Launch – 26 December 2005 (2) Images Courtesy ESA

  37. Satellite separates from Fregat upper stage Launch – 26 December 2005 (3) Images Courtesy ESA

  38. Galileo Industries Formation & Heritage • A political agreement was reached that called for the development of Galileo to be undertaken by an international consortium called Galileo Industries • Galileo Industries S.A. founded May 2000 as a Belgian company • mission to become industrial prime contractor Galileo Industries SA Alcatel-Alenia (F) 25%21.5% 19% Alcatel-Alenia (I) 25%21.5% 19% Astrium GmbH (D) 25%21.5% 19% Astrium Ltd (UK) 25%21.5% 19% F o u n d i n g S h a r e h o l d e r s GSS (E) 14%12% Thales (F/D/UK) 12% joined June 2003 joined April 2004

  39. Level N Level N-1 Level N-2 Level N-3 Lead Roles within Galileo Industries Security Engineering Thales Galileo Industries Prime Mgt System Eng & Procurement GSTB V1 Alcatel GSTB V2 Astrium G Test UserSegment Thales Space Segment & Satellite Astrium G Ground MissionSegment Alcatel Ground Control Segment Astrium UK System AIV Alenia Satellite AIT Alenia Launcher(CFI) Payload Astrium UK Clocks SSPA NSGU PLSU etc

  40. E2 channel E2 Filter E5 channel OMUX E5 + E6 E6 channel Navigation signals Amplification of signals COM DEV filters Navigation antenna Galileo & UK – 2 – the development phase For the main development contract, political arrangements assure each country of contracts in ~proportion to funding UK highlights in addition to the Galileo Industries roles: Space Segment • Optical multiplexer, €1M, ComDev • Power amplifiers, €10M, Astrium • Space qualified components, IGG

  41. UK Roles - continued Ground Segment • Key management facilities, €20M, LogicaCMG • Elements of Galileo receiver, €7M, QinetiQ • Satellite control facility, €6M, LogicaCMG • Algorithms & real-time hardware, €6M, LogicaCMG • Test & integration tools, €6M, Vega • Simulation & automation tools, €5M, SciSys ESA’s main control centre

  42. Galileo Key Management Facilities • Principal functions: • generation of encryption keys • distribution, management & revocation of keys • monitoring & control of the security module in each element • COMSEC for the Galileo Services • service denial & over-the-air-rekeying (OTAR) for the PRS • Galileo Services Supported: • PRS (Public Regulated Service) • C-band (mission segment monitoring & control) • CS (Commercial Service) • SoL (Safety of Life service) • S-Band (Control segment monitoring & control)

  43. Algorithms and real-time hardware • EGNOS has been created to make GPS compatible withaviation standards • LogicaCMG supplied the €10M check set that validatesthe EGNOS signal: • establishes GPS integrity • similar processing hardwareand software is designed intoGalileo: • facilitates certification foraviation and other safetyrelated uses • specialist support from Sigma Associates & Ian McAnany The LogicaCMG check set currently installed atSwanwick and other EGNOS centres across Europe

  44. Concluding remarks • The operational phase of Galileo will be the responsibility of a concession contractor under a private finance initiative arrangement with the Galileo Supervisory Authority • two short-listed bidders now merged • Inmarsat is the UK shareholder in the resulting consortium • UK industry roles in the exploitation aspects of Galileo include: • Helios/NPL/Thales: time service provider • LogicaCMG: location based services • Spirent: signal simulator • Operational date ~2012 Hydrogen Maser clock for Galileo

  45. QUESTIONS?

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