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Diagnosis and Delivery - Implants Using New Technologies

Diagnosis and Delivery - Implants Using New Technologies. Alan Murray, Institute for BioEngineering School of Engineering. Agenda. Silicon devices and cells Radiotherapy – state of the art IDEAS project aims Some preliminary details Drug delivery technology Issue and challenges.

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Diagnosis and Delivery - Implants Using New Technologies

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  1. Diagnosis and Delivery -Implants Using New Technologies Alan Murray, Institute for BioEngineering School of Engineering

  2. Agenda Silicon devices and cells Radiotherapy – state of the art IDEAS project aims Some preliminary details Drug delivery technology Issue and challenges Sandy/Dundee, April 2014

  3. Human hair 70-100 µm Human neuron 4-100 µm Transistor 0.1-1µm Devices and diagnosis:Shapes and Sizes? 1µm = 10-6 (1/1000000th) of 1 metre Or 1 million µm = 1metre Roughly 10,000 hairsbreadths/metre Dundee/Sandy, April 2014 Sandy/Dundee, April 2014

  4. Most interesting for tumour biology! Diagnosis - Sensors • From earlier work on an ingestible chip • Temperature • easy • Conductivity • fairly easy • pH • tricky • O2 concentration • trickier Sandy/Dundee, April 2014

  5. Radiotherapy – The Current State of the Art • What we can do • Deliver RT accurately • Four-dimensional RT • Real-time imaging for positional verification Sandy/Dundee, April 2014

  6. Ultra-Precise Radiotherapy - Cyberknife • Precise Radiotherapy • Target radioresistant regions? • hypoxic (oxygen-starved) sections of a tumour. • But • Hypoxic regions are not static • Imaging (eg CT) is a snapshot • Also – can we measure cancercell kill? • Sensors in the tumour? Sandy/Dundee, April 2014

  7. Real Time Tumour Monitoring Miniaturised sensors Implant sensorssurgically into the tumour microenvironment before radiotherapy Sensor chip around 7mmx500μmx500μm … the size of a grass seed Sandy/Dundee, April 2014

  8. Target radiotherapy sensor chip powered down Find radio-resistant regions Measure cancer cell kill Sensors and Therapy Implant sensors Sandy/Dundee, April 2014

  9. Typical microchip Implantable Microsystems for Personalised Anti-Cancer Therapy (IMPACT) Chip  tumour microenvironment Measure hypoxia (O2concentration) and other markers of tumour activity Radiotherapy planning Chemotherapy planning? Chemotherapy delivery? Sandy/Dundee, April 2014

  10. Social Sciences JoyceTait Implantable Microsystems for Personalised Anti-Cancer Therapy (IMPACT) Engineering Alan Murray, Anthony Walton, Steve McLaughlin Chemistry Mark Bradley Cancer Medicine Ian Kunkler Veterinary Medicine David Argyle £5.2M, 2013-2018. EPSRC Programme Grant Sandy/Dundee, April 2014

  11. Sensors and Therapy A group of cancer cells

  12. Sensors and Therapy RT-Resistant (1) and RT-sensitive cells (2) and other stuff (3, 4)

  13. Sensors and Therapy Insert chips

  14. Sensors and Therapy Chips detect and signal RT-resistant zones

  15. Sensors and Therapy Deliver extra RT dose to resistant zones

  16. MOSFET Vgs Vds Gate Source Source Drain Drain MOSFET Sandy/Dundee, April 2014

  17. ISFET pH/O Sensor Reference electrode pH change – protons trapped/released Gate Source Drain ISFET Sandy/Dundee, April 2014

  18. Detecting Proteins Radiotherapy Signaldrop =detection I Cancer Cell Protease E O HN O O O HN HN HN CHC NH2 HN CHC CHC CHC Gold CH2 O CH2 CH2 CH2 O S CH2 CH2 Fe CH2 CH2 NH2 NH2 C=NH C=NH NH2 NH2 Sandy/Dundee, April 2014

  19. Look – no wires … Sandy/Dundee, April 2014

  20. Devices and diagnosis:Drug delivery • So far … chips can be: • tiny • wireless • Chips can contain • Sensors • O2, pH, conductivity, temperature • biomarkers • Chips can also store and release stuff Sandy/Dundee, April 2014

  21. Potential benefits • Personalised therapy • Treatment at home • Optimised timing/location of therapy • Chemotherapy released local to tumour • Maximise tumour damage • Minimise collateral/systemic damage Sandy/Dundee, April 2014

  22. Future trends More, better, smaller sensors More and better algorithms for making sense of sensors Better security Flexible substrates Sandy/Dundee, April 2014

  23. Some Issues …. • Insertion • Stereotactic is possible … long thin chips • Bio-fouling • Body’s reaction to foreign objects • Wireless communications • Radio/ultrasound • Signals from sensors/to drug-delivery • “noisy” and not 100% accurate • Security • Need to deliver therapy at the tumour’s (in)convenience, not on a regular schedule Sandy/Dundee, April 2014

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