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Understanding Motion in Physics: Distance, Displacement, Speed, Velocity, Acceleration

Learn about the concepts of distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration in physics. Understand the difference between distance and displacement, how speed and velocity are measured, and the factors affecting acceleration. Discover how to graph motion and calculate acceleration for different scenarios.

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Understanding Motion in Physics: Distance, Displacement, Speed, Velocity, Acceleration

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  1. Chapter 11 Motion

  2. Frame of reference • ______________________________________, a frame of reference is needed.

  3. 11.1 Distance and Displacement

  4. Relative Motion –_______________________________ ________________________________________________

  5. Distance • The length of a path between two points. • Measured with the ________. • Displacement • ________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ • _______________________– a quantity that as magnitude and direction. • The magnitude can be size, length, or amount. • Add displacements using vectors.

  6. Displacement along a straight line.

  7. Displacement that isn’t along a straight path • Displacement that isn’t along a straight path • Resultant vector – _________ ______________________________________________________ • Red line

  8. 11.2 Speed and Velocity

  9. Speed • ______________________________________________ ________________________________________________ • Measured in ____________ • Ex: Speed of your car

  10. ________________– computed for the entire duration of the trip. • Instantaneous speed – __________________________ ________________________________________________ • Your car’s speedometer.

  11. Graphing Motion ________________________to describe motion. Slope of a line on a distance-time graph is speed.

  12. Car not at constant motion. Slope of straight portions = periods of constant speed.

  13. Velocity • A description of both ___________________________ ________________________________________________ Velocity is a vector.

  14. Combining Velocities • Two or more velocities add by vector ______________.

  15. 11.3 Acceleration

  16. Acceleration • ______________________________________________ • Changes in speed, changes in direction, or changes in both.

  17. Changes in Speed • Acceleration – _________________________________ • ________________________– car traveling at constant speed • No longer pushed into seat. • _______________________– acceleration that slows an object’s speed. • Car coming to stoplight – pulled away from seat.

  18. __________________________ • The movement of an object toward Earth solely because of gravity. • Objects falling near the Earth’s surface accelerate downward at a rate of _______________________

  19. Changes in Direction • You can accelerate even if your ___________________ • Riding a bicycle around a curve. • Your change in direction means you are accelerating.

  20. Changes in Speed and Direction • Example – roller coaster ride • Car on windy road. • Roller coaster physics clip.

  21. Constant Acceleration • ______________________________________________ • Airplane’s acceleration at takeoff.

  22. Calculating Acceleration • You can calculate acceleration for straight-line motion by dividing the change in velocity by the total time.

  23. Graphing Acceleration • Speed-time graphs - _____________________________ ________________________________________________

  24. Distance-time graph – ___________________________ ________________________________________________ • Curve connects the data points that are plotted.

  25. Instantaneous Acceleration • _______________________________________________ ________________________________________________ • Skateboarder on a half-pipe. At every moment she has an instantaneous acceleration, even if she is standing still and the acceleration vector is zero.

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