COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT USING

1. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT USING VIRTUAL AND CONVENTIONAL TEACHING METHODS IN NIGERIAN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL CREATIVE ARTS Ph.D SEMINAR PROPOSAL BY AIYEDUN, Emmanuel Olugbenga (MATRIC - NO: 87/014333) DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE EDUCATION,  FACULTY OF EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN SUPERVISOR: DR O. O. OBIELODAN DATE: MAY 2ND 2013 VENUE: POST GRADUATE SEMINAR ROOM  TIME: 10AM

2. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Problem Several challenges face the teaching and learning of cultural and creative arts in Nigerian secondary schools, such as students having to develop interest and having motivation for the subject, low achievement, low turn out of both students and teachers, among others – Godwin (2009). Traditional methods of teaching cultural and creative arts have long been combed with varying effects in terms of achievement – Caroline (2007) and Nicole (2013).

3. Background to the Problem (Cont’d) • Educational technology is impacting positively in many areas of education – John (2004). • Virtual reality is a new phenomenon in instructional technology that has been tested to have positive impact in various fields, such as museums, libraries, medical, military, etc. There is need for empirical verification if the usage of virtual instruction would impact positively or negatively on the achievement of students over conventional methods in cultural and creative arts of junior secondary schools?

4. Statement of the Problem Many attempts have been made over time to advance the course of cultural and creative arts towards acquisition of its skills, motivation, higher achievement, etc. Linstone (2006) and Horn (2002) indicated that the particular method used to teach the subject could spell students’ interest, motivation and achievement.

5. Statement of the Problem (Cont’d) • The subject of Cultural and Creative Arts has known quite some low turnouts in all fronts with several reasons often advanced for this. Cultural and Creative Arts has been made compulsory in junior secondary schools ( Upper Basic classes) and efforts are being made in all fronts toward students achieving better in the subject.

6. Purpose of the Study The major purpose of this study is to comparatively analyze students’ achievement in computer-based virtual instruction and conventional teaching methods in cultural and creative arts education, in Nigerian junior secondary schools. Specifically, the study will identify differences in junior secondary school students’ achievement in cultural and creative arts between: • Demonstrative and Virtual Reality methods

7. Purpose of the Study (Cont’d) • Group Participation and Virtual Reality methods • Direct and Virtual Reality methods • Reproduction and Virtual Reality methods • Class Discussion and Virtual Reality methods

8. Research Questions This research will seek to answer the following questions: • What is the difference in Nigerian junior secondary school students’ achievement between demonstrative and virtual reality methods in teaching cultural and creative arts? • What is the difference in Nigerian junior secondary school students’ achievement between group participation and virtual reality methods in teaching cultural and creative arts?

9. Research Questions (Cont’d) • What is the difference in Nigerian junior secondary school students’ achievement between direct and virtual reality methods in teaching cultural and creative arts? • Are there any differences in Nigerian junior secondary school students’ achievement between reproduction and virtual reality methods of teaching cultural and creative arts? • Are there any differences in Nigerian junior secondary school students’ achievement between class discussion and virtual reality methods of teaching cultural and creative arts?

10. Research Hypothesis This research will address itself to the following hypothesis: H01: there is no significant difference in Nigerian junior secondary school students’ achievement between demonstrative and virtual reality methods in teaching cultural and creative arts. H02: there is no significant difference in Nigerian junior secondary school students’ achievement between group participation and virtual reality methods in teaching cultural and creative arts.

11. Research Hypothesis (Cont’d) H03: there is no significant difference in Nigerian junior secondary school students’ achievement between direct and virtual reality methods in teaching cultural and creative arts. H04: there is no significant difference in Nigerian junior secondary school students’ achievement between reproduction and virtual reality methods in teaching cultural and creative arts. H05: there is no significant difference in Nigerian junior secondary school students’ achievement between class discussion and virtual reality methods in teaching cultural and creative arts.

12. Scope of the Study • This study will be conducted in public schools of Kogi state, with junior secondary school 2 classes (Upper Basic 8) • Five conventional methods often employed in the teaching of cultural and creative arts, namely, demonstrative, group participation, direct, reproduction and class discussion will be the focus. Results from the employment of each of these methods will be compared with that from virtual instruction.

13. Scope of the Study (Cont’d) • A researcher composed test in monochrome drawing and painting, to be executed on a white quarto-sized cardboard by the participants, shall be employed to examine the different groups. • Lesson notes will be prepared in each of the six methods that have been identified. These would be employed in the instruction of the participants and the results will form the basis for the comparisons.

14. Clarification of Major Terms and Variables The following terms and variables are clarified in the study: • Virtual Reality • Conventional Art Teaching Methods • Comparative Analysis • Proportion • Balance • Composition • Perspective • Cultural and Creative Arts • Achievement

15. Significance of the Study • The outcome of this study might prove significant to the following: classroom teachers, school authorities and proprietors, textbook authors, curriculum planners of cultural and creative arts for junior secondary schools, and researchers. • The unique contribution of this study is the search for probably more efficient and empirically proven method of instructing the students in cultural and creative arts, for improved achievement

16. CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The literature related to this study are reviewed under the following sub-headings: • Theoretical Framework • Nature and Content of Cultural and Creative Arts Curriculum • Importance of Cultural and Creative Arts Education • Conventional Teaching Methods of Cultural and Creative Arts

17. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (Cont’d) • Cultural and Creative Arts as a Microcosm of a Multifarious Discipline • The History and Meaning of Virtual Reality • General Impact, Empirical Observations and Uses of Virtual Reality • Appraisal of Reviewed Literature

18. CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter deals with the methodology to be employed in carrying out this experimental research. The procedures and techniques to be used in gathering the research data are discussed under the following sub-headings: • Research Design • Sample and Sampling Techniques • Research Instrument • Validation of Research Instruments • Procedure for Data Collection • Data Analysis Technique

19. Research Design • This is an experimental research which has to do with a comparative analysis of students’ achievement using virtual and conventional teaching methods in creative arts, of Nigerian schools. • The research adapts the Dick and Carey instructional model in the design and development of the instructional package. The Dick and Carey instructional model involves identifying instructional goals, conducting the instructional analysis, analyzing the learners and contexts, writing performance objectives, development of instruments, strategy and materials, then the design and conduct of summative evaluation.

20. Sample and Sampling Technique • The population will consist of junior secondary school 2 students of cultural and creative arts in Nigeria. However, the sample would be selected from the junior secondary school students in Kogi State. • Intact classes for each of the teaching methods would be employed. It therefore infers that the study will be conducted in six junior secondary schools purposely selected in the same setting, because all schools do not offer cultural and creative arts, and will take place simultaneously.

21. Sample and Sampling Technique (Cont’d) • In each school, intact junior secondary school 2 classes will be employed, and each would be assigned a teaching method. • The achievement of the virtual group would be compared with the five identified conventional methods each.

22. Research Instrument • The selected junior secondary school students are to be examined in practical art work • The participants will be expected to carry out tints and shades of monochromic drawing and painting of still-life objects using square or rectangular cartons • The art works will be executed on a white quarto-sized cardboard often employed for junior secondary school students

23. Research Instrument (Cont’d) • The instrument is therefore the different lesson notes on each of the five identified conventional methods, and one for the virtual reality method. • The test items from which the scores would emanate from the conventional methods will each be compared with the scores from the virtual method.

24. Validation of Research Instrument • The test question to be administered for water color painting would be given to the researcher’s supervisor and lecturers of fine art background in the department of Educational Technology, University of Ilorin, and graduate teachers in secondary schools. • The researcher will equally carry out a pilot study in a different location to test and validate instruments for the study.

25. Validation of Research Instrument (Cont’d) • Computer experts in the department of Computer Science, University of Ilorin will assist to validate the designed simulation or virtual illustration for the study. • The post-test will contain similar objects for drawing and painting as the pre-test, but will be arranged differently.

26. Procedure for Data Collection • The researcher will personally visit the schools where the study will be carried out to solicit the permission and assistance of the appropriate authorities. • The consent of the cultural and creative arts teachers in the participating schools will be sought and urged to participate as instructors. • All the scores will be graded by the class teachers with scales of composition, proportion, perspective, balance and use of color. Each of the scales would be allotted equal marks of 20.

27. Data Analysis Technique • The achievement (scores) of participating respondents will constitute the response variable. • Analysis of Variance Technique will be explored in the study for the effectiveness of the methods of teaching cultural and creative arts in junior secondary school. • Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) shall be employed in carrying out Pairwise comparison of the effectiveness of the six methods. sampled for the experimental study of cultural and creative arts in junior secondary school.

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