The Industrial Revolution

1. The Industrial Revolution

2. Civil War Increases Industry • Challenged industry to produce at a faster rate • Need more guns, ammo, clothing, etc. • Food companies had to develop ways to transport food over long distances • Increased the need and the production of railroads.

3. Natural Resources Boost Growth • The Availability of resources also helped the revolution. • Coal Mines feed railroads and factories • Forests helped construction • Oil was discovered in 1859 in Pennsylvania by Edwin Drake • Better than whale oil • Led to kerosene and gasoline

4. The Workforce Grows • Immigration increased post civil war • Europeans • Chinese • Pushed out by conflict , political upheaval, and religious discrimination. • In 1881 nearly 750,000 immigrants arrive • In 1905 it was nearly 1 million. • Famine, locust and competition moved more farmers to the cities for jobs

5. Capitalism and Entrepreneurs • The American Dream • Street life in New York, a book by Horatio Algers in 1868 tells the story of Ragged Dick who goes from rags to riches through hard work. • Became the story of the American dream and increased through capitalism • Where individuals own the majority of their businesses. • Capitalism lends itself to Entrepreneurs, • People who invest money in a product or enterprise to make a profit

6. Government encourages industry • Lincoln green lighted a Trans-continental Railroad • $2 billion dollars in today's money • Couldn’t afford it • Paid the company with land in return for the work. • Protective Tariffs • Encouraged buying American goods by taxing foreign goods to make them cost more. • Laissez-Faire policies • Working with little government interference

7. Innovations • Drive to improve life and work lead to the increase of inventions • Patents numbers quickly increase • Government grant giving the inventor exclusive rights to develop, use, and sell and invention for a set period of time

8. Thomas Edison • New Jersey man with very little formal education • Gets more than 1000 patents • Established a research lab • Investors like JP Morgan helped finance it • Invents light bulb to light homes • Creates plan to light cities with electrical grid

9. Other Inventors • George Westinghouse • Creates way to send electricity long distances • Samuel F.B. Morse • Electrical telegraph communication • Alexander Graham Bell • Telephone • By 1900 there are more than 1,000,000 telephones

10. Steel • Henry Bessemer • Englishman • Invents the process to turn iron into steel • The Bessemer Process • By 1890 the US was out producing the British in steel manufacturing • Made possible the invention of Skyscrapers, Elevators, and Suspension Bridges

11. Brooklyn Bridge • First Suspension Bridge in the world • Built to cross the East River in New York • Completed in 1883 and at the time was the longest bridge in the world

12. Technology Improves Transportation • George Westinghouse invents Air Brakes for trains • Granville woods invents telegraph for trains • By 1883 there were 3 transcontinental railroads. • Railroads lead to time zones • Train schedules impossible without them • Streetcars, subways and the first airplane flight in 1903 all help spread out the country

13. Transportation leads to more change. • Improvement speeds up the spread of goods • Obtain goods and sell goods quickly • Network management translated to business management • Factories created plate glass windows for passenger cars • Factories produce railcars which move goods and produce more factories

14. Henry Ford • Perfected the assembly line and used mass produced parts to speed up production • Interchangeable parts created by Eli Whitney • Ford took these and made an assembly line to produce products at a faster rate • Mass production and assembly lines would fuel more industrialization

15. Impact of Industry • By 1880s American Exports of grain, steel, and textiles dominated international markets • US had more railroad tracks than the rest of the world combined • Making moving and shipping goods easier and faster • Expanding and increasing the Economy • Made the US an international powerhouse and increasing international conflict and competition.

16. Changes in Lifestyle • Urbanization • People moved to cities for work and a “better life” • Farms mechanized leading to a decrease in farm jobs • Unemployed farmers moved to cities for work. • Many people had more access to goods than ever before • Higher cost of living lead people to perform repetitive jobs with little satisfaction

17. National Parks • Industry led to pollution in the late 1800s • Mining had destroyed the land • Soil erosion and dust storms were on the rise as the environment was impacted in new ways • In response Congress responded by setting aside protected lands that would eventually become the national parks • Yellowstone Park in 1872 was the first park and was in response to concern for the environment.