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Threads. Will Jones Tusculum College VISA 330 – The Arts and Childhood Learning. Reformist. John Dewey, Elliot Eisner, Hilda Taba Donald Kirkpatrick, Friedrich Frobel, John Amos Comenius. John Dewey October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952

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  1. Threads Will Jones Tusculum College VISA 330 – The Arts and Childhood Learning

  2. Reformist John Dewey, Elliot Eisner, Hilda Taba Donald Kirkpatrick, Friedrich Frobel, John Amos Comenius

  3. John Dewey October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952 Enrolled at 15 years old to the University of Vermont. Graduated second in his class. Earned his doctorate from Johns Hopkins University in 1884. University of Michigan: Assistant Professor University of Minnesota: Professor of Philosophy. University of Chicago: Head of the Philosophy Department, Director of the School of Education Columbia University: Professor of Philosophy

  4. John Dewey was a important figure in 19th and 20th century educational reform. He argued that education should be based on the principle of learning through doing. He founded and started two separate schools to test these education concepts. Dewey traveled the world to speak for educational reform in schools. He argued that students should have close learning experience with lessons based on present theories. (biography.com, 2014)

  5. Elliot Eisner March 10, 1933 – January 10, 2014 Graduated from Roosevelt University in 1954 with a BA in Art and Education. Received an MS in Art Education from Illinois Institute of Technology the following year. Received a Master and Doctorate degree in Education from University of Chicago. Authored 17 books Honored with: Palmer O. Johnson Memorial Award John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship Fulbright Fellowship, Jose Vasconcelos Award, Harold W. McGraw Jr. Prize in Education, Brock International Prize in Education, University of Louisville Grawemeyer Award for Education, and five honorary degrees

  6. Eisner declared that the arts, which included music, dance and visual art, were critically important to the development of thinking skills in children and that the arts might offer teachers a powerful guide and critical tool in their practice. As president of the National Art Education Association, turned his list “10 Lessons the Arts Teach” into a poster that can be found in many classrooms around the nation today. (Donald, 2014)

  7. Hilda Taba December 7, 1902 – July 6, 1967 1921 – Graduated from Voru High School for Girls. 1921 – Received Elementary Teacher Certification from Didactic Seminar of Tartu 1923 – Transferred from an economics student to a history and education student at the University of Tartu. 1926 – Graduated from the University of Tartu. 1927 – Graduated with her MS from DrynMawr College. 1931 – Graduated with her PhD in Educational Philosophy from Columbia University

  8. Hilda Taba believed that student make generalizations only after information is organized. She believed that students could be led toward making generalizations through concept development and concept attainment strategies. Her model is known for teaching involving inductive thinking. If students use multiple strategies, it can help them successfully solve problems. These inductive strategies are embedded in cognitive processes and require the learner to employ precise questioning techniques. (Velez, 2010)

  9. Donald Kirkpatrick March 15, 1924 – May 9, 2014 Obtained his BBA, MBA, and PhD degrees from the University of Wisconsin. Worked for: Management Institute of Wisconsin Management Training International Minerals Training Director Bendix Products Aerospace Division Human Resource Manager University of Wisconsin Professor Emeritus Served as a past national president of the American Society for Training and Development. He authored seven books, including the 3rd edition of Evaluating Training Programs: The Four Levels, which is now the basis for evaluation all over the world.

  10. Donald Kirkpatrick’s Four Levels of Learning and Training Evaluation has become world renowned and is now considered an industry standard across the HR and training communities (Chapman, 2014). Kirkpatrick’s Levels include: Reaction of Student How did the delegates feel about the training? Learning What is the increased knowledge from beginning to after Behavior How did they apply this learning and has their behavior changed? Results Result of evaluation and the effect it had on the business. (Chapman, 2014)

  11. Friedrich Froebel April 21, 1782 – June 21 1852 Originator of Kindergarten Uncle gave him a home and sent him to school after his mother died when he was 9 months old and father neglected him. Enrolled in the University of Gottingen in Germany. After an interuption of his studies due to the Napoleonic Wars, he opened a school in Griesheim, Thuringia. He put to practice his educational theories and the school flourished. Opened an infant school in Blankenburg, Prussia, that was originally called Child Nurture and Activity Institute. It was later renamed Kindergarten, or “garden of children.

  12. Froebel believed that humans are essentially productive and creative. He wanted a system that would fulfill the development of both. He sought to encourage the creation of educational environments that involved practical work and the direct use of materials. When students engaged with the world, understanding would then unfold. Hence the significance of play. Developed special materials (such as shaped wooden bricks and balls), a series of recommended (occupations) and movement activities, and a linking of set theories. He origianlly linked these activities in the home, but later sought for special centers that were geared for the care and development of children. (Smith, 1997)

  13. John Amos Comenius March 28, 1592 – November 14, 1670 Czech educational reformer and religious leader. 1613 – Enrolled in the University of Heidelberg. Went into hiding due to the Thirty Years’ War and emperor Ferdinand II’s determination to re-Catholicize Bhomemia. Possibly turn down the invitation to become president of Harvard College. 1648 – Was consecrated presiding bishop of the Moravians. Wrote several papers, books, and articles – The Labyrinth of the World and the Paradise of the Heart, The Great Didactic, JanuaLiguarumReserata,, and OrbisSensuliumPictus.

  14. It was during his time in Leszno, Comenius began to prepare for the day when it would be possible to rebuild the Bohemia society from the Thirty Years’ War. He began to reform the educational system and in doing so, advocated for full-time schooling for all the youth in both their native and European culture Comenius required two ideas to the reform. Teachers needed to pay attention to the mind of the child and how the student learned. European culture needed to be accessible to all children, so it was necessary to learn Latin. He advocated “nature’s way” of learning, that is, learning about things and not about strict grammar (Sadler, 2013).

  15. Artist Arthur Wesley Dow, Georgia O’Keefe, Pablo Picasso Alexander Calder, Robert Rauschenberg Joseph Cornell, Betty Edwards, Naum Gabo

  16. Arthur Wesley Dow April 6, 1857 – 1922 Landscape painter Printmaker Photographer Influential art educator Showed promise as an artist with his drawings in the serial Antiquarian Papers. Moved to Paris and enrolled in the Academie Julian. His landscape paintings were accepted into the Paris Salon and exhibited in the United States. Returned to Massachusetts and took a studio in Boston where he began working as an art educator. Founded the Ipswich Summer School of Art, instructed at Pratt Institute, and in 1904, was appointed the Director of Fine Arts of Columbia University Teacher’s College. (Kathleen Brown, 2014)

  17. “The Hill Field”, Arthur Wesley Dow, 1910, oil on canvas, 14”x19.9”, Smithsonian American Art Museum “Boats at Rest”, Arthur Wesley Dow, 1895, oil on canvas, 26”x36”, Art Institute Chicago “Crater Lake”, Arthur Wesley Dow, 1919, oil on canvas, 18”x10”, Addison Gallery of American Art

  18. Georgia O’Keeffe November 15, 1887 – March 6, 1986 Pioneer of Modern Art, painter Attended the Art Institute of Chicago Attended the Art Students League in New York and studied along side of William Merritt Chase. 1914 – Attended the Teachers College of Columbia University and took class from Arthur Wesley Dow. Her first public show was in 1916 at Alfred Stieglitz’s gallery 291. The two later married in 1924. After his death in 1946, O’Keeffe moved to New Mexico which inspired many of her famous artworks. (biography.com, 2014)

  19. “Black Iris”, Georgia O’Keeffe, 1926, oil on canvas, 36” x 29 ⅞”, Alfred Stieglitz Collection, 1969. The Metropolitan Museum of Art “Ram’s Headwith Hollyhock”, Georgia O’Keeffe,1935, oil on canvas, 30” x 36”, American Art, Brooklyn Museum

  20. Pablo Picasso October 25, 1881 – April 8, 1973 Painter Sculptor Printmaker Creator of Cubism (with Georges Braque) At the age of 14, due to his extraordinary entrance exam, was accepted to Barcelona, Spain’s School of Fine Arts. He then began to skip classes to sketch the city. At the age of 16, was accepted to Madrid, Spain’s Royal Academy of San Fernando. Again, he began to skip class to sketch the city. His painting “Les Demoiselles d’Avignon” is considered the precursor and inspiration of Cubism. (biography.com, 2014)

  21. “Guernica”, Pablo Picasso, 1937, oil on canvas, 137.4” x 305.5”, Museo Reina Sofia, Madrid

  22. Alexander Calder July 22, 1898 – November 11, 1976 Painter Illustrator Sculptor Attended the Arts Students League, and was influenced by artist of the Ash Can school. Moved to Paris, France in 1926 and developed his miniature circus. Inventor of the mobile. Also known for his wire figures and stabiles, which were large, stationary abstract sculptures. (biography.com, 2014)

  23. “Untitled” Alexander Calder, 1976, 76’, National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. “Flamingo”, Alexander Calder, 1974, sculpture, 53’ x 29’ x 60’, Chicago Federal Plaza

  24. Robert Rauschenberg October 22, 1925 – May 12, 2008 Painter Sculptor Studied at: Kansas City Art Institute AcademieJulien, Paris Black Mountain College Along with Jasper Johns, they paved the way for pop art of the 1960’s Worked as a costume and stage designer. Mixed both sculpture and paint in works he called “combines”. Incorporated sound and motors in later works. Experimented with collage and photograph transfers. biography.com, 2014

  25. “Bed” Robert Rauschenberg 1955, Oil and pencil on pillow, quilt, and sheet on wood supports, 6’ 3¼’’x31 ½”x 8”, Mr. and Mrs. Leo Castelli, New York

  26. Joseph Cornell December 24, 1903 – December 29, 1972 Assemblage Artist Worked as a door-to-door salesman, textile worker, and garment worker. Very secluded man that lived in one house for most of his life. Had no formal training in art. He is associated with Surrealist, but his work is essentially different. His created assemblage pieces, which most were boxes, with glass fronts, containing objects and pieces of collage. (Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2004)

  27. “Habitat Group for a Shooting Gallery”, Joseph Cornell, 1943, Construction, 15½” x 11⅛” x 4¼”, Des Moines Art Center, Coffin Fine Arts “Untitled (Soap Bubble Set”, Joseph Cornell, 1936, Construction, 15¾” x 14¼” x 5 7/16”, Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, CT “Tilly Losch”, Joseph Cornell, 1935, Construction, 10” x 9¼” x 2⅛”, Collection Mr. and Mrs. E. A. Bergman, Chicago

  28. Betty Edwards Art Teacher Author Bachelor’s in Art– UCLA Master’s of Art – California State University, Northridge Doctorate in Art, Education, and Psychology – UCLA Author of Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain

  29. In the late 1960’s, Betty Edwards could not understand why her art students struggled while mastering new skills in other disciplines. She began to explore what happened when she began to draw. With her work and the work of her students, she developed Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain. She realized drawing is made up of five perceptual skills. The perception of edges The perception of spaces The perception of relationships The perception of lights and shadows The perception of the whole, or gestalt. She argued that the right brain’s strengths are undervalued and under-trained. (Anna Black, 2007)

  30. Naum Gabo August 5, 1890 – August 23, 1977 Sculptor Studied Medicine / Engineering and Physics in 1910. Attended lectures in art history by Heinrich Wolfflin. Made his first sculptures in 1915 by using metal and celluloid. He created the likeness of human beings. Established a studio and accepted students. Produced Kinetic Composition in 1920, known as one of the earliest examples of kinetic sculpture. Taught at Harvard University School of Architecture. (Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2004)

  31. “Head No. 2”, Naum Gabo, 1966, sculpture from Cor-ten steel, 69” x 52 ¾” x 48”, Hayward Gallery, Loundon

  32. Educational Ideas The Digital Divide, NCLB, Picture Study Movement Black Mountain College, Teaching for Artistic Behavior Getty Center for the Arts, Arts-Based Literature Project Zero, Multiple Intelligences Theory, The Bauhaus 10 Best Teaching Practices for Arts Integration Constructivism (Art Movement), Constructivism/Social Interaction Theory/Group Work

  33. Digital Divide The discrepancy between people who have access to and the resources to use new information and communication tools and people who do not have the resources and access to the technology. This also applies to skills, knowledge, and abilities. (webopedia.com, 2014)

  34. NCLB No Child Left Behind Act 2002 This legislation promised to eliminate the achievement gap, improve teacher quality, empower parents, and promote school safety. (Cornet, 2011)

  35. Picture Study Movement Picture study pays attention to the aesthetics. The idea behind picture study was to bring culture to the child to change the parents. Picture study focused on artwork from the Renaissance onward, but did not include “modern art. The lesson focused on specific art pieces and the study of those. (kgrimm, 2010)

  36. Black Mountain College In 1933, John A. Rice, a scholar who left Rollins College, wanted to create a new type of college based on John Dewey’s principles of progressive education. Black Mountain College was operated by faculty and was committed to democratic governance and that the arts were central to the experience of learning. (Blackmountaincollege.org, 2014)

  37. Teaching for Artistic Behavior TAB is a nationally recognized choice-based art education approach ot teaching art. Developed and researched at the Massachusetts College of Art, TAB enables students to experience the work of the artist through authentic learning opportunities and responsive teaching. (teachingforartisticbehavior.com, 2014 )

  38. Getty center for the arts Founded by J. Paul Getty, he established his own museum and provided public access to his personal collection. Getty believed in making art available to the public for its education and enjoyment. Since then, the Getty Center has expanded and taken in new pieces and artworks. (J. Paul Getty Trust, 2014)

  39. Arts based literature This is literature that is strictly about the arts. This can include both fiction and nonfiction, information, and narrative books based on artist, music, visual art, drama and dance. (Cornett, 2011)

  40. Project zero Project Zero is an educational research group at Harvard Graduate School of Education that is composed of multiple, independently-sponsored research projects. They examine the development of learning processes in children, adults, and organizations. (pz.harvard.edu, 2014)

  41. Multiple intelligence theory Psychologist and professor of neuroscience at Harvard, Howard Gardner, developed one theory in 1983 that defines “intelligence” as the skills that enable anyone to gain new knowledge. 8 Learning Styles: Verbal, Logical, Visual, Auditory, Bodily, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, and Naturalistic

  42. The Bauhaus The Bauhaus was founded in 1919 in the city of Weimar by German architect Walter Broius. His vision was for a union of art and esign in the Proclamation of the Bauhaus. He developed a craft based curriculum htat would turn out artisans and designers capable of creating useful and beautiful objects. (Winton, 2014)

  43. 10 Best Teaching Practices for Arts Integration Philosophy of education Arts literacy: content and skills Collaborative planning Aesthetic learning enviroment Literature as a core art from Best Practices Instructional design: structure and routines Differentiation Assessment FOR learning Arts partnerships

  44. Constructivism (Art Movement) Constructivism was the last and most influential modern art movement to flourish in Russia in the 20th century. I borrowed ideas from Cubism, Suprematism, and Futurism, but at the heart was an entirely new approach . (theartstory.org, 2014)

  45. John Dewey [Picture], May 25, 2014, http://dewey.pragmatism.org/ John Dewey. (2014). The Biography.com website. Retrieved May 25, 2014, from http://www.biography.com/people/john-dewey-9273497. John Dewey [Picture], May 25, 2014, bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/tappan/ panel3.php John Dewey. (2014). The Biography.com website. Retrieved May 25, 2014, from http://www.biography.com/people/john-dewey-9273497 . Stanford Graduate School of Education. Elliot Eisner[Picture], May 25, 2014, http://news.stanford.edu/news/2014/january/elliot-eisner-obit-011714.html Donald, B. (2014, January 17). Stanford Professor Elliot Eisner, champion of arts education, dead at 80. Stanford University. Retrieved May 26, 2014, from http://news.stanford.edu/news/2014/january/elliot-eisner-obit-011714.html Joanna Rees (Photographer). (2009). Elliot Eisner (Photograph), May 25, 2014, http://jorees.wordpress.com/2009/04/ Biblography

  46. Donald, B. (2014, January 17). Stanford Professor Elliot Eisner, champion of arts education, dead at 80. Stanford University. Retrieved May 26, 2014, from http://news.stanford.edu/news/2014/january/elliot-eisner-obit-011714.html Hilda Taba [Picture], May 25, 2014, https://giftedmmiller.wikispaces.com/GT+Weekly+Teaching+Strategy+Hilda+Taba's+Teaching+Strategies UNESCO, International Bureau of Education. (4 December 2003). Hilda Taba. Prospects, vol. XXXIII. Retrieved from http://www.ibe.unesco.org/publications/ThinkersPdf/tabae.pdf Hilda Taba [Picture], May 25, 2014, http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=quiz-2-4376 Velez, Milton (December 14, 2010). Hilda Taba Inductive thinking [Power Point slides]. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net Donald Kirkpatrick [Picture], May 25, 2014, http://img.pr.com/release-file/1104/310705/DonKirkpatrick.jpg Kirkpatrick Partners. Donald Kirkpatrick, Ph. D, Biography. Retrieved from http://www.kirkpatrickpartners.com/Portals/0/About-Us/Don-Kirkpatrick-Bio.pdf

  47. Donald Kirkpatrick [Picture], May 25, 2014, http://www.kirkpatrickpartners.com/AboutUs/DonKirkpatrick/tabid/223/Default.aspx Chapman, Alan.(1995-2014) kirkpatricks’s learning and training evaluation theory [Review of Donald Kirkpatrick’s Learning Evaluation Model 1959]. Retrieved from http://www.businessballs.com/kirkpatricklearningevaluationmodel.htm Frederick Froebel [Picture], May 25, 2014, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Frederick-Froebel-Bardeen.jpeg Stanley James Curtis. (2013).Friedrich Froebel. Retrieved May 25, 2014, from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/220593/Friedrich-Froebel Frederick Froebel [Picture], May 25, 2014, http://studentzone.roehampton.ac.uk/library/specialcollectionsandarchives/froebelarchiveforchildhoodstudies/ Mark K. Smith. (1997). Friedrich Froebel (Frobel). Retrieved May 25, 2014, from http://infed.org/mobi/fredrich-froebel-frobel/

  48. John Amos Comenius [Picture], May 25, 2014, http://moziani.tripod.com/home/comenius.htm. John E. Sadler. (2013). John Amos Comenius. Retrieved May 25, 2014, from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/127493/John-Amos-Comenius Johan Amos Comenius [Picture], May 25, 2014, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Johan_amos_comenius_1592-1671.jpg. John E. Sadler. (2013). John Amos Comenius. Retrieved May 25, 2014, from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/127493/John-Amos-Comenius Caroline Geiger (Photographer). (1909). Portrait of Arthur Wesley Dow (Photograph), May 25, 2014, http://historicalphotos.pressible.org/rebecca/portrait-of-arthur-wesley-dow-1857-1922-professor-of-fine-arts-at-teachers-college-june-1-1909-1909 Kathleen Brown. (2014) Arthur Wesley Dow papers, circa 1826-1978, bulk 1879-1922. In The Archives of American Art. http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/arthur-wesley-dow-papers-7588/more#biohist

  49. Dow, Arthur Wesley (Painter). (1919). Crater Lake [Painting]. Retrieved May 28, 2014, from http://www.the-athenaeum.org/art/full.php?ID=36823 Dow, Arthur Wesley (Painter). (1910). The Hill Fields [Painting]. Retrieved May 28, 2014, from http://amica.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/AMICO~1~1~113687~62733: Dow, Arthur Wesley (Painter). (1895). Boats at Rest [Painting]. Retrieved May 28, 2014, from http://www.artic.edu/aic/collections/artwork/121377 Alfred Stiegliz (Photographer) (1918) Georgia O’keeffe, hands [Photograph], May 25, 2014. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/O%27Keeffe-%28hands%29.jpg Georgia O'Keeffe. (2014). The Biography.com website. Retrieved 02:10, Jun 01, 2014, from http://www.biography.com/people/georgia-okeeffe-9427684#death-and-legacy&awesm=~oFXuF0CWSBS4Dl O’Keeffe, Georgia (Painter). (1926) Black Iris [Painting]. Retrieved June 1, 2014, from http://www.georgiaokeeffe.net/black-iris.jsp. O’Keeffe, Georgia (Painter). (1935). Ram’s Head with Hollyhock [Painting]. Retrieved June 1, 2014, from http://www.georgiaokeeffe.net/ram-head-with-hollyhock.jsp.

  50. Pablo Picasso [Picture], May 25, 2014, http://www.pablopicasso.org/ Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan NepomucenoMaría de los RemediosCipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio ClitoRuíz y Picasso. (2014). The Biography.com website. Retrieved 07:21, Jun 02, 2014, from http://www.biography.com/people/pablo-picasso-9440021#video-gallery&awesm=~oG1GovMjb1edeE Picasso, Pablo (Painter). (1937) Guernica [Painting]. Retrieved June 1, 2014, from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/74/PicassoGuernica.jpg Alexander Calder [Picture], May 25, 2014, http://www.c-ville.com/New_Alexander_Calder_piece_bound_for_UVA/#.U40U5yhSZUQ Alexander Calder. (2014). The Biography.com website. Retrieved 07:16, Jun 02, 2014, from http://www.biography.com/people/alexander-calder-9235034#awesm=~oG4Aj6FTuUe2fH Calder, Alexander (Sculptor). (1976) Untitled [Mobile]. Retrieved June 1, 2014, from https://www.nga.gov/collection/calderinfo.shtm Jyoti (Photographer). (2008). The Flamingo [By Alexander Calder](Photograph), May 25, 2014, http://chicago-outdoor-sculptures.blogspot.com/2007/09/flamingo.html

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