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Contemporary Adolescence

This chapter delves into the patterns, types, and reasons behind substance abuse among teenagers, covering various drugs, usage intensities, prevention strategies, and treatment options.

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Contemporary Adolescence

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  1. Contemporary Adolescence Chapter 15 Substance Abuse, Addiction, and Dependency

  2. Sequence of substance use • Drinking beer and wine • Smoking cigarettes and drinking hard liquor • Smoking marijuana • Using “hard” drugs

  3. Patterns and intensity of drug use • Experimental • Social-recreational • Circumstantial-situational • Intensified drug use • Compulsive drug use

  4. Types of drugs • Narcotics • Morphine, heroin, codeine • Most physically addictive • Withdrawal symptoms: • Running eyes/nose, yawning, sweating, pupils dilated, goose bumps; cramps, muscle spasms, vomiting, diarrhea • Methadone

  5. Types of drugs • Stimulants • Increase amount of norepinephrine and/or dopamine • Cocaine • Crack is made from cocaine and is one of the most addictive drugs • Amphetamines—ritalin • Meth • Increases dopamine and damages the production of dopamine and serotonin

  6. Types of drugs • Depressants • Barbiturates • Users become sluggish, emotionally erratic • Withdrawal is severe in 24 hours • Inhalants: solvents, gasses, nitrites • Date-rape drugs

  7. Types of drugs • Hallucinogens • Marijuana • Most widely used illegal substance • Affects hippocampus and thus effects memory and learning • May impair reproductive functioning; reduces testosterone • LSD • Long lasting, slow acting • Flashbacks • Most addicting of hallucinogens

  8. Reasons for first drug use • Curiosity • Rebellion • Fun/recreation • Social pressure • Relieve stress • Self-awareness

  9. Factors contributing to drug use • Family • Peer influence

  10. Prevention • Enhance protective factors • Decrease risk factors • Address all forms of substance abuse • Focus on local community • Targeted to needs of audience • Positive effect on parenting issues • Begin early • Social skills • Increase academic success • Long-term • Teacher training component • Use interactive techniques

  11. Treatment • 12-step program • Behavioral therapy • Counseling, medical care, psychiatric treatment • Family therapy • Community Treatment

  12. Smoking: reasons for continuing • Relief of tension • Development of a habit • Sociability and pleasure • Social coping • Physical addiction

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