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Tile-HCAL Studies and Time Plans

This article discusses the recent meetings and progress in R&D for the Tile-HCAL calorimeter. Topics covered include scintillators, WLS fibers, fiber coupling, photodetectors, measurements, and plans for e-beam tests at DESY.

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Tile-HCAL Studies and Time Plans

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  1. The Tile-HCAL, studies and time plans,V. Korbel, DESY, 30m • The last meetings since ECFA-DESY workshop in Prague (Nov. 2002) • actual status of R&D: • scintillators • WLS-fibres, clear fibres, fibre coupling • optimisation of tile-fibre system (TFS) • photodetectors • preamps • measurements with the minical • readout and DAQ • cosmics, • noise and pedestals • LED-calibration • plans for e-beam test at DESY (summer 2003) • status of preparations for the 1m3 prototype for E-flow beam tests • photodetectors • preamps • VFE RO boards V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  2. The last Tile-HCAL meetings • Since the Prague ECFA-DESY workshop: • main meetings: 4.12.2002, 20.1.2003, 4.3.2003 • LAL-Orsay, preamps for APDs, dela Taille, Cvach,... Dec. 2002 • CERN, VFE for APDs with DUBNA, I. Golutvin, I. Tiapkin, F. Sefkow, Dec. 2002 • DUBNA, VFE, I. Golutvin, I. Tiapkin, Y. Gilitski, Minsk people,.... Febr. 2003 • ITEP and MEPHI, Moscow, B. Dolgoshein, V. Rusinov,..... Febr. 2003 • LAL-Orsay, VFE for APDs, dela Taille, I. Tiapkin, F. Sefkow,... Febr. 2003 • ???? • future main meetings: 6.5.2003, 17.6.2003 ??? To be fixed these days • Documentation: • 1. tasks, institutes, people, time plans, meetings, talks and minutes in Web: • >>>http://www.desy.de/~korbel/see/tilehacal/.... • 2. detailed Tile-HCAL R&D report, Oct. 2002, available: • “ The Tile-HCAL Calorimeter for the TESLA Detector, a Status • Report on the R&D-Studies” • 3. new web-page with better guidance is prepared, open next week! V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  3. Presentations for the Tile-HCAL on this workshop • CALICE collaboration meeting (Monday,31.3.03,NIKHEF): • V. Korbel, Introduction to CALICE Tile-HCAL meeting: • “Status of the R&D”, 15’ • M. Danilov for ITEP, R&D in Russia, 20’ • B. Dolgoshein for MEPHI, • News from the Si-PMs as Photodetetctors for the Tile-HCAL, 20’ • S. Nemecek for Prague, • APD’s for the HCAL, gain stability • V. Korbel for DESY, LPI • Tests with the minical, plans for prototype, time scale • DAQ and Trigger meeting: • V. Korbel, DAQ concepts for the minical and Tile-HCAL prototype, 10’ • P. Daucey, CALICE beam test DAQ • Calorimeter Session, Hadronic Calorimeter • V. Korbel, The Tile-HCAL, studies and time plans • V. Morgunov for DESY, ITEP, Prototype Tile-HCAL Simulation with • Si-PMs as Photodetectors • P. Dauncey, DAQ for the CALICE beam test V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  4. The plastic scintillators for the tiles • The different scintillators studied: • PVT: -BC-408, BC-404,..... • PS: • SCSN-81, Kuraray • new R&D scintillators from Kuraray: • ITEP/Vladimir: BASF-143, others • Protvino/LPI SC-306M, SC-307..... • Charkov • The PS scintillators based on PS • show ~0.5..0.65 LY of PVT • but ~ 5 x cheaper • possibility to cast them in tiles • (with grooves) • >>> made studies on • LY and uniformity, ok? • >>> decision to select producer M.Danilov,CALICE main recent measurements in ITEP V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  5. Details of TFS Optimisation Studies Centre/straight WLS-fibre Diagonal/bent WLS-fibre No stress on fibre, fibre refl. =tile reflector more stress on fibre, fibre refl. =tile reflector L=7.85cm L=7,85cm L=5cm clear RO fibre to couple: 1-3.5m in detector, light attenuation <18% • Double looped fibre • strong fibre bend, • most stress on fibre, • probably ageing damages, • fibre end fibre reflector • inside tile >>> • special reflective coating • needed ? • 1.1 mmhole in center • drilled and polished? • could it be made during tile moulding? L=31,4cm V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  6. The WLS-fibres 1 mm diameter, double clad, BC-91A BC-92 BC-Dayglo, red range extended Kuraray, Y-11(100-500ppm) WLS shifting component polishing of fibre end fibre end reflector attenuation length conversion efficiency stability against bends, loops (2.4 mm radius) ageing agains bend stress, in radiation field >>>> Y-11(300) for short fibres Y-11(500) for long fibres material available for all minical channels University Friedberg/Giessen V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  7. The coupling of WLS-fibres to scintillator ,similar to BC-408, 404 Have selected Kuraray Y11(300) V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  8. TFS LY measurements at ITEP M.Danilov,CALICE main V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  9. Treatment direction Scintillator BC-408, , Kuraray, WLS-fibre The actual achieved LY for the TFS 3M-Super Radiant Reflector Light yield/tile/MA-PM • 22+/-1.5 pe (BC-408, Aug. 2002) • >> 26 (new results from ITEP) • both Russian scintillators • have ~ 2/3 of BC-408 LY • ~20% more LY can be expected • by improving polishing • of WLF-fibre end, • no gluing needed anymore All together: 100% reflectivity at fibre end V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  10. Light attenuation measurement in RO-fibres WLS-fibre, Kuraray 10,20,50 and100 cm clear-fibres, Bicron and Kuraray • attenuation in clear RO-fibres minimal: • BC-98: 0,65 db/m ~ 40% for 5m fibre • no damage observed for bent fibres • (d=5 cm) • no ageing during 1 day observed • >>> Y11(300), on tile + BC-98 RO-fibre (ITEP) Photocathode sensitivity of APD V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  11. WLS fibre-clear fibre connection • WLS-fibre >>clear fibre: • standard is gluing with optical glue • better procedure: • thermo-fusing, ~ 80-120oC, • heating by 1-2 windings of resistive wire • fibres cut, adjusted and pushed together • in glass tube of 1.10 mm inner hole diameter • few A current for a few sec. • >> connection difficult to find by eye • no light loss seen at connection • first results: 84% transmission • improvement potential • still available in the fusing procedure • Well established procedure at FNAL • for CDF calorimeter, 90% transmission • >>production parameters • can be optimised Pressure, temperature, time guide tube diameter ? V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  12. Photodetectors • The remaining candidate photodetectors: • APD’s: • S8664-55spl, 3x3mm2, • S8550, 32 pixels of 1.6x1.6mm2 • at test in Prague • Si-PM’s (MEPhI): • gain ~2*106 • photocathode eff. ~ 15-20% • sizes: 1x1mm2, 576 and 1000 pixels/mm2 • -800-1200 Photodetectors needed (APDs) • with 3-7 tiles combined to calo cells or • -3200-4800 Si-PM’s of 1x1mm2 needed alternatively • -decision to use both detectors in prototype V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  13. APD’s Hamamatsu, 3x3mm APD, S8664-55spl package is same as S8664-55 (5x5 mm APD)'s with resin coating. Delivery time takes 1.5 months for 30 pcs typical performance: gain= 50 100 >1000 possible Id 600pA 1.2nA C 28pF 28pF have 6 APD’s for tests 170 Euro per piece, for 30 122 Euro per piece, for 300 60 Euro per piece, for 1500 25 Euro ? for > 100 000 APD’s? Future plan (Hamamatsu) : APD Array : try to make low capacity type, proceed with "3 x 3 mm, 4 x 4 ch APD-array". target characteristic is as follows. C : 15 pF Variation of gain : +/- 20 to 30 % GAIN M C 100 Id 10 500 V V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  14. SiPMs, Silicon Photomultiplier 42m 20m pixel h Resistor Rn=400 k Al R 50 Depletion Region 2 m substrate Ubias 2 mV 2 ns R&D at MEPHI (Moscow), B. Dolgoshein, together with PULSAR (Russ. Industry) • Some features: • Sensitive size 1x1mm2 on 1.5x1.5 mm2 • Gain 2106 atUbias~ 50V • Recovery time ~ 100 ns/pixel • Nuclear counter effect: negligible • (due to Geiger mode operation) • Number of pixels: 576, now 1000/mm2 • Dynamic range > 200 For further details see: «Advanced study of SiPM» http://www.slac.stanford.edu/pubs/icfa/fall01.html V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  15. Performance of SiPMs with 1 scint.Tile minical 4-8 pe 576 px 53-55V 10 pe, 576 px 54V 15 pe 1000 px Si-PM on tile DESY e-test beamwith various Si-PMs (MEPHI) V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  16. Si-PM’s, dark rate and MIP detection Sum of 3 tiles,e-beam test DESY 576pix/mm2 From Elena Popova, MEPhI V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  17. Minical array Stack and Tile structure • Assembled with up to • 27 scintillator layers, • of 9 tiles each, • 5x5X0.5 cm3 • 243 scintillator tiles • or • 81 cells of 3 tiles • read out by • ~ 50 cm WLS fibres to • photo-detectors: • APD’s: 3 tiles/APD • MA-PMs:16fold, 3 tiles/pixel • Si-PMs: 1 tile/Si-PM • also:1x32 M-APD array (Pra • Aim of this device is: • cosmics, study of: • LY • uniformity of response • calibration with MIPs • stability of MIP signals • different photodetectors • long term ageing • LED monitoring: • stability • dynamic range • e-beam, study of: • energy resolution • constant term V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  18. Minical, pictures V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  19. Minical, pictures V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  20. Where are we? • Status now, for minical tests: • WLS-fibres ordered and delivered, 500m(Y11-300) and 100m(Y11-500) • 3M super-reflector foil available • minical now modified by Prague group: • 9 mm gaps, larger housing, windows for feed-through, light tight, • easier access to interior • 6 new Hamamatsu APD’s (3x3 mm2, 190 Euro/piece) now at DESY • to be inserted in minical for MIP tests, yield next 3 weeks ? • Si-PM production/delivery schedule (see Boris talk) • next 30 available, than 100 up to June, 1000 pixels/mm2 • TFS geometry, reduce variety soon, up to end April • design/build cassettes, for 9 tiles, 9 mm tick, 27 pieces for July tests • preamps to design/order >> LAL Orsay: 7.4.03, delivery 30.6.03 • R&D for Minsk/Gilitski, Prague, DESY/Smirnov types goes on • APD’s and Si-PM’s to order >> 30 APD’s and ~100 Si-PM’s (with 1000pixels) • HV distribution to design/order/build: • 380-420V, APD, 30 channels • and 55-68 V, Si-PM, 100 channels V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  21. The TFS for the minical: • --81 tiles with Si-PMs, short WLS-fibres, SI-PM inserted, from Vladimir/ITEP • --81 tiles from Protvino, with cylindrical holes??, • cast in moulds, together with the tiles or drilled, to insert the WLS-fibres • --81 tiles from BC-408, cut and polished at DESY, with • a) WLS-fibres in cylindrical, drilled central holes, 50 cm more fibre to APD’s • b) WLS fibres in curved diagonal grooves, also 50cm to APD’s • Hope to have a technology to replace the WLS-fibre • outside the tiles by fused clear fibres, who does it? • Can ITEP prepare also the 81 Protvino tiles? • >>I.e. make grooves or holes, insert fibres, wrap tiles, test in black box? • A special >5 cm long drill of 1.1 mm diameter is in preparation at DESY. • We need to group tiles with equal (+/-5%) LY, • 3 tiles of same response to one APD. Thus LY of all 81 TFS to be measured • with a source. To do at DESY with help of Protvino/LPI people. • Our Time scheme: • Production of tiles in April/mid May • Machining/Wrapping in May/ mid June • Tests and selection in June/mid July • Delivery to DESY mid July • Start insertion in minical last 2 weeks in July • Cosmic calibration tests 2 first weeks in August • We need more participating physicists during minical set-up and tests. „minical“-tasks, TFS production details V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  22. Support frames for TFS For APD’s For SI-PMs MEPhI, ITEP V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  23. Direct TFS readout with SiPM in minical at DESY M.Danilov,CALICE main V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  24. Shower containment in minical, DESY e-beam 1 section, 9 layers, 81 cells MIP peak used for calibration Shower leakage to correct with the middle section of minical Studies by V. Andreev >>> V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  25. Energy resolution in minical, DESY e-beam • s/E=a/sqrt(E) (+) c • Aim is to study: • the effects contributing • to the constant term: • LY fluctuations within tiles • lat. non-uniformity of response • MIP calibration precision • stabilty of calibration • noise • dead gaps between tiles • leakage V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  26. Energy resolution in minical, Si-PM, 576 pixels Saturation curve: number of fired pixels vs number of photons x photo-conversion efficiency s/E=a/sqrt(E) (+) c V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  27. Calibrating the minical cells BC-408 scintillator single tile, diagonal bend groove, cosmic m-peak, 60 cm WLS fibre RO MA-PM 23,1-26,2 pe • Noise, randoms • cosmics • LED-pulses V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  28. Calibrating minical cells, studying LY BC-408 scintillator single tile, diagonal bend groove, cosmic m-peak, 60 cm WLS fibre RO to MA-PM 23,1-26,2 pe Random and pedestal subtracted cosmic m-peak spectra of some PS-scintillators from Protvino/LPI 9-13.3 pe V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  29. Remote web access to the measurements Study the results of up to 64 channels with MIP’s • Install in minical: • different • scintillators • fibres • photodetectors • pre-amps • supply voltages • trigger conditions At DESY: LED monitoring Start run with new components or new settings all 24 hours. • Look for: • gain • stability • signal width • signal noise separation • calibration with MIP’s • run parameter file • via web: • +sw-tools: • F. Krivan • V. Dodolov • A.Terkulov • S. Karakash ITEP LPI MEPHI Prague Protvino DESY .... very similar situation later during prototype running in beam test at other laboratories V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  30. HCAL prototype for E-flow studies • Required volume ~ 1 m3 • ~ 800-1200 calorimeter cells • Fe-structure can accept • analogue • or digital HCAL?? 10 GeV pions 100 cm Leakage detector needed! 100 GeV pions V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  31. The Prototype stack • Design/Construction Studies: • TDR • LC-notes • K. Gadow, VK • DESY, Jan. 2003 • Need now to come to decisions • how to build? • Steel, ss? • 2 half modules (magn.field?) • Where? V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  32. more on tile sizes and total numbers 38 layers require ~ 5000 tiles with 38 different tile sizes casting with minimum number of moulds! Need to fix tile sizes soon! V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  33. Prototype channels V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  34. The fraction of prototype cells fired Simulation studies for single pions: beam energies: 10, 40, 100 GeV RO threshold cuts: 0, 0.25, 0.5 MIP standard granularity: 5x5cm2, 3 cells deep(3/9) 6x6cm2, 3 cells deep(4/12) 8x8cm2, 2 cells deep(2/10) 12x12cm2, 1 cell deep (1/7) 969 cells in total By V. Andreev V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  35. Energy sharing between ECAL and HCAL-PT The following studies from V. Andreev: ECAL and TC have effect on energy resolution ~ 45-55% of events depose more than 2 GeV in ECAL V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  36. Prototype TC for energy resolution V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  37. The contribution of the TC to the energy measurement E(ECAL) +E(HCAL) <--> E(TC)/(E(ECAL) +E(HCAL)) Epion=5,10,20,30,50 GeV V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  38. Online/Offline Gain/HV monitoring? The VFE-ROB-scheme, APDs DAC-signals PIN diode for LED monitoring LED signals beam cosmic HV, 380-420V dV/V~10-4 DAC Trigger/ RO clock Charge injection pedestals Array of single APDs or matrices charge sensitive preamps pulse shapers Sample & hold Multi plexer (analog) V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  39. Time Planing, 4.3.2003, I • 1. Pre-selection of appropriate photodetectors • available: APD’s(~6) and Si-PM’s(~10) • ordering larger quantities for more tests in minical (March). • Need 30 APD’s and 162 Si-PMs in total, Si-PM’s (1000 pixels!) • 2. studies and development of integrated preamplifier/shaper circuits, • and MEPhI Si-PM with FE preamps.up to end April. • Operation in Minical. • 3. For minical: decide on the optimal APD-preamp type, end March: • ---study Minsk and Prague preamps with APD’s in minical, • --- important: get noise contribution to MIP-peak (noise vs MIP efficiency) • ---order/loan ~2 prototype CALICE-ECAL PCI preamp boards • (which should later integrate the photodetector connections) • 4. Concept/design final preamp prototype boards for • the 1000 channel test prototype, ....all and DUBNA?, (April) • 5. design prototype boards for all APD and Si-PM channels, DUBNA?,(May) • 6. Up to May to decide, which photodetectors in which quantity to use: • 1000 APDs or ~ 5000 Si-PMs, • or both types in relevant quantities e.g. 200/2500 • 7. order of all photodetectors for the Tile-HCAL prototype, June • 8. Decide/order HV power supply/ distribution, June V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  40. Time Planing,II 9. Need Russian scintillators for tests in minical, (~20 each, March) 10. ordering Bicron BC-408 for the larger tile sizes, ~8 m2, up to Summer 11. define optimal cell and tile sizes, from software and hardware studies, decision up to end of April 12. Prepare 300 tile minical test at DESY, (100/100/100) May 13. design of the prototype stack, April/May 14. a detailed tile-plate assembly concept has to be defined, July 15. Minical test at DESY, with final photodetector types, July-September 16. building of stack steel absorber structure, in ITEP or Prague? >August 17. casting/machining of ~3700 tiles up to September, (in factory ? or machining at DESY, or elsewhere?) 18. assembly of the TFS in tile plates (detector cassettes), November 19. TFS connection with photodet. and preamps, start November-December 20. RO via CAMAC as long as British DAQ not available, end 2003 21. winter 2003/2004 operation studies with LED gain monitoring, and calibration studies with cosmic muons, with increasing number of calorimeter cells as assembled. V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  41. Outlook • 1. Enough LY from TFS (~200 photons at photodetector) • 2. APD’s and SI-PMs are the photodetectors which do the task • 3. Preamplifiers with low noise are essential (MIP-noise separation,calibration) • 4. Minical test to establish calibration precision in summer • 5. Now design of prototype boards for APD and Si-PMs, DUBNA • 6. Photodetectors, large quantity to order in summer: • 1000 APDs or • ~ 5000 Si-PMs or • both types in relevant quantities e.g. ~250/3500 • 7. Prototype stack (1m3) will be build in summer • 8. Assembly of PT-stack with TFS starts in Jan. 2004 • 9. Spring 2004 is used to set up and calibrate all channels with cosmics. V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

  42. V. Korbel, DESY and CALICE

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