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MOLECULES OF LIFE

MOLECULES OF LIFE. This lecture aims to introduce: The four major groups of organic compounds present in living systems. The relationship between monomers and polymers. Why carbon has specific advantages for building complex molecules. Purves et al Life: The Science of Biology

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MOLECULES OF LIFE

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  1. MOLECULES OF LIFE • This lecture aims to introduce: • The four major groups of organic compounds present • in living systems. • The relationship between monomers and polymers. • Why carbon has specific advantages for building • complex molecules. Purves et al Life:The Science of Biology Chapter 2: Small Molecules: Structure and Behavior Chapter 3: Macromolecules: Their Chemistry and Biology

  2. Molecules of Life Proteins Carbohydrates Nucleic acids Lipids

  3. THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF ORGANISMS Polymers are made by covalent linkage of monomers e.g.amino acidsnucleotidemonosaccharide peptide or oligopeptide oligonucleotide oligosaccharide Polysaccharide (carbohydrate) Polypeptide (protein) Nucleic acid

  4. CONDENSATION AND HYDROLYSIS REACTIONS Condensation monomer monomer + H2O monomer monomer etc. monomer monomer monomer monomer monomer

  5. Hydrolysis monomer monomer H2O monomer monomer

  6. Amino acid 1 Amino acid 2

  7. IDENTIFYING MONOMERS OF MACROMOLECULES Carboxyl group Amino group

  8. IDENTIFYING MONOMERS OF MACROMOLECULES nitrogen base phosphate ribose

  9. IDENTIFYING MONOMERS OF MACROMOLECULES * hydrocarbon chain carboxyl group *LIPIDS - often regarded as macromolecules but are not formed by polymerization.

  10. THE IMPORTANCE OF CARBON Carbon forms covalent bonds with as many as four other atoms. Carbon in organic compounds can bond to a variety of other atoms.

  11. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Purves et al Fig. 2.20

  12. Purves et al Fig. 2.20 .

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