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CH.8--THE RISE OF EUROPE

CH.8--THE RISE OF EUROPE. THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES- 500-1050AD MIDDLE AGES: PERIOD BETWEEN ANCIENT TIMES (ROME/GREECE) AND “MODERN TIMES” (DISC. OF NEW WORLD). EARLY EUROPE. SMALL LAND MASS-MANY DIFFERENT GROUPS OF PEOPLE GOOD SOIL MANY NATURAL RESOURCES BORDERED THE SEA-GOOD FOR TRADE

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CH.8--THE RISE OF EUROPE

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  1. CH.8--THE RISE OF EUROPE THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES- 500-1050AD MIDDLE AGES: PERIOD BETWEEN ANCIENT TIMES (ROME/GREECE) AND “MODERN TIMES” (DISC. OF NEW WORLD)

  2. EARLY EUROPE • SMALL LAND MASS-MANY DIFFERENT GROUPS OF PEOPLE • GOOD SOIL • MANY NATURAL RESOURCES • BORDERED THE SEA-GOOD FOR TRADE • GREAT POTENTIAL FOR SETTLEMENT • HOME TO MANY BARBARIAN TRIBES • POWER VACUUM LEFT AFTER FALL OF ROMAN EMPIRE • WOULD GIVE BIRTH TO WESTERN CIVILIZATION AND THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA

  3. THE FRANKS • LED BY A SERIES OF GREAT KINGS IN ANCIENT GAUL (FRANCE) 1. CLOVIS-BROUGHT CHRISTIANITY TO FRANKS 2. CHARLES MARTEL-DEFEATED MOSLEMS AT TOURS IN 732 3. CHARLEMAGNE (CHARLES THE GREAT)- ---800AD-CROWNED “HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR” BY POPE ---ANGERED THE EMPEROR OF EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE ---APPOINTED NOBLES TO RULE HIS PROVINCES ---SENT INSPECTORS (MISSI) TO CHECK ON THINGS ---BEGAN SYSTEM OF “PALACE SCHOOLS”, UNDER ALCUIN WHICH WAS FOUNDATION FOR SCHOOL IN EUROPE

  4. CHARLEMAGNE’S LEGACY • DIED 814 • LONG POWER STRUGGLE LEFT EMPIRE TO 3 GRANDSONS- CHARLES THE BALD, LOUIS THE GERMAN AND LOTHAIR • TREATY OF VERDUN SPLIT EMPIRE INTO 3 PARTS. • CHARLEMAGE-FIRST GREAT KING IN EUROPE

  5. FEUDALISM • AFTER A SERIES OF BARBARIAN INVASIONS (MOSLEMS,VIKINGS…), KINGS WERE TOO WEAK TO CONTROL THEIR LANDS AND PEOPLES. • FEUDALISM: ORGANIZED SYSTEM IN WHICH LOCAL LORDS DIVIDE THEIR LANDS AMONG LESSER LORDS (VASSALS) IN RETURN FOR SERVICE, TAXES AND LOYALTY THE FEUDAL CONTRACT THE LORD: GIVES LAND (FIEF) TO HIS VASSAL GIVES PEASANTS (SERFS) TO WORK THE LAND PROTECTS THE VASSAL THE VASSAL: PLEDGES $, MILITARY SERVICE, ADVICE AND LOYALTY , and part of the crops

  6. THE FEUDAL POWER STRUCTURE • KING—NOBLES-LESSER NOBLES (VASSALS)-KNIGHTS-SERFS • KNIGHTS-3 STEPS • PAGE- AGE 7- SENT TO LORD’S CASTLE TO LEARN SKILLS. TOOK CARE OF ARMOR AND WEAPONS • SQUIRE- AGE 14- LEARNED ADVANCED SKILLS. WENT INTO BATTLE WITH HIS KNIGHT • KNIGHTHOOD- “DUBBED” (SWORN IN)-TAKES OATH OF CHIVALRY- (CODE OF CONDUCT)- PROMISES TO BE LOYAL, BRAVE, HONEST , MERCIFUL AND FIGHT FAIRLY. HONORED WOMEN. RULES OF CHIVALRY ONLY APPLIED TO NOBLES- NOT COMMONERS IN REALITY-THE “KNIGHT IN SHINING ARMOR” WAS A MYTH

  7. PEASANTS/SERFS • LIVED ON THE MANOR OR ESTATE • MOST WERE SERFS-”BOUND TO THE SOIL” --COULD NOT LEAVE THE MANOR --IF LAND WAS SOLD, THEY WENT WITH IT -- HAD TO PAY LORDS SEVERAL FEES (MARRIAGE…) --WORKED FOR LORD SEVERAL DAYS A WEEK (THE LORD’S DOMAIN) --RARELY LEFT THE VILLAGE/NO VIEW OF A “LARGER WORLD”- LITTLE OR NO EDUCATION -- USED THE “3-FIELD SYSTEM”

  8. IMAGES OF KNIGHTS

  9. THE MEDIEVAL CHURCH • MOST POWERFUL “GOVERNMENT” IN EUROPE: ---HAD A HIERARCHY- LEVELS OF POWER ---WAS WEALTHY ---HAD LAWS (CANON) AND PUNISHMENTS: ---EXCOMMUNICATION ---INTERDICT ---HAD TAXES—TITHES “Peter’s Pence” ---- HAD A LARGE “WORK FORCE”—PRIEST/MONKS/NUNS ---MONASTERIES AND CONVENTS WERE CENTERS OF LEARNING ---POPE CLAIMED PAPAL SUPREMACY OVER EVERYTHING

  10. MEDIEVAL CHURCH: A SOURCE OF PEACE- TRIED TO STOP FEUDAL WARFAR AND KNIGHTS’ VIOLENCE ---TRUCE OF GOD- FORBADE FIGHTING AT CERTAIN TIMES ---PEACE OF GOD- FORBADE FIGHTING IN CERTAIN PLACES ---RIGHT OFSANCTUARY- PROTECTED PEOPLE FROM VIOLENCE. THE CLUNIAC REFORMS- TRIED TO REFORM THE CHURCH- -- MADE STRICTER LAWS FOR PRIESTS --OUTLAWED SIMONY –THE SELLING OF CHURCH POSITIONS -- NOBLES AND KINGS COULD NOT INTERFERE WITH THE CHURCH THROUGHOUT EUROPE , JEWS BECAME VICTIMS OF ANTI-SEMITISM

  11. CASTLES-SYMBOL OF THE MIDDLE AGES --A WAR MACHINE --USUALLY ON A HILL-SURROUNDED BY MOAT ---COLD, DARK,DAMP ---DRAWBRIDGE ---PROTECTED THE VILLAGE ---THICK WALLS, FEW WINDOWS ---GREAT HALL- CENTER OF ACTIVITY ---KNIGHTS’ BARRACKS ---CHAPEL AND DUNGEON ---RARELY CONQUERED ---WELL- MOST IMPORTANT SPOT

  12. CHANGES IN THE MIDDLE AGES • AN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION (2ND) -- NEW TECHNOLOGY (PLOWS, WINDMILLS…) -- INCREASED PRODUCTION/POPULATION INCREASES 2. TRADE REVIVAL ---BARBARIAN INVASION ENDED/ TRAVEL WAS SAFER --NEW TRADE ROUTES TO THE EAST --TRADE FAIRS INCREASE --MANY NEW TOWNS ARE BORN- GET CHARTER FROM KING 3. A COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION IS BORN -- NEW BUSINESS PRACTICES: PARTNERSHIPS,INSURANCE,BILLS OF EXCHANGE(CHECKS)

  13. 4. SOCIAL CHANGES ---MONEY ECONOMY -- SERFS BECAME TENANT FARMERS --A NEW MIDDLE CLASS IS BORN-SHOPKEEPERS… --CHURCH FORBADE USURY- LENDING OF MONEY FOR INTEREST -- --GROWTH OF GUILDS-EARLY TRADE UNIONS -SET STANDARDS OF QUALITY FOR GOODS -SET PRICES -REGULATED WAGES AND HOURS

  14. STEPS IN BECOMING A MASTER CRAFTSMAN • APPRENTICE- 7 YR. OLD- STUDIED BASICS OF CRAFT, LIVED WITH MASTER CRAFTSMAN • JOURNEYMAN- 14 YRS. OLD- LEARNED ADVANCED METHODS OF CRAFT. COULD SELL YOUR OWN GOODS • MASTER CRAFTSMAN- MUST HAVE MASTERPIECE APPROVED --CAN JOIN GUILD

  15. MEDIEVAL TOWN

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