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Evolution of Classification Systems: From Five Kingdoms to Six Kingdoms and Three Domains

Explore the historical development of classification systems from Linnaeus to modern classifications with six kingdoms and three domains. Learn about the characteristics and differences among the kingdoms and domains. Figure out the relationships between various taxa and understand the expansion of the "Tree of Life."

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Evolution of Classification Systems: From Five Kingdoms to Six Kingdoms and Three Domains

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  1. Kingdoms and DomainsSection 18-3 Objectives: 9.0 Differentiate between the previous five-kingdom and current six-kingdom classification systems. 9.1 Sequencing taxa from most inclusive to least inclusive in the classification of living things

  2. Expansion of the “Tree of Life” (1950’s) • How many kingdoms did Linnaeus name? • What were they? • Scientists soon realized microorganisms, such as protists and bacteria, did not belong in either of those two kingdoms, so a 3rd kingdom was created --- Protista. (Late 1800’s) • Next, Fungi: mushrooms, yeasts, and molds • Monera: bacteria and other prokaryotes

  3. Six Kingdoms (1990’s) • Noted differences among members of the Monera kingdom led to dividing it into two kingdoms: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria. • Six Kingdoms: Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

  4. Three Domains Classification System • Based on comparative studies of a small subunit of ribosomal RNA that occurs in all living things. • Three domains: • Bacteria • Archaea • Eukarya • What organisms do you think these domains include?

  5. Domain Bacteria • Unicellular • Prokaryotes • Cell walls contain peptidoglycan. • Corresponds to kingdom _____.

  6. Domain Archaea • Unicellular • Prokaryotic • Live in Earth’s most extreme environments • Cell membranes contain lipids not found in any other organisms • Correspond to kingdom _____.

  7. Domain Eukarya • Contains ALL organisms that have a nucleus! • What kingdoms would be included? • We can identify members of the kingdoms Animalia, Plantae, and Fungi. • Kingdom Protista • includes organisms with a nucleus, but that cannot be classified as fungi, plants, or animals. • has the greatest variety of organisms.

  8. Examining Diagrams and Tables • Figures 18-11 and 18-12 summarize characteristics of kingdoms and domains. • Figure 18-13: • What type of diagram does this look like? • What do you think the big circle with a “?” in it means?

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