Estimation of Biomass and Carbon Stocks: the Case of the Atlantic Forest

1. Estimation of Biomass and Carbon Stocks: the Case of the Atlantic Forest Simone Vieira Cena/USP

2. Estimation of Biomass and Carbon Stocks: the Case of The Atlantic Forest Simone A. Vieira, Luciana F. Alves, Marcos Aidar, Luciana Spinelli Araújo, Tim Baker, João Luís F. Batista, Mariana Cruz Campos, Plinio B. Camargo, Jerome Chave, Welington B. Delitti, Niro Higuchi, Euridice Honorio, Carlos A. Joly, Michael Keller, Luiz A. Martinelli, Eduardo Arcoverde de Mattos, Thiago Metzker, Oliver Phillips, Flavio A. M. Santos, Mônica Takako Shimabukuro, Marcos Silveira, Susan E. Trumbore

3. Tropical forests are obviously a source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere through land use change

4. But what are the dynamics of C in intact forests and what is their potential to respond to global environmental change such as - increased CO2 - climate change - anthropogenic pressure ? and why Atlantic Forest???????

6. The Atlantic Forest 500 years ago (1.36 million km2)

7. The Atlantic Forest today (92 thousand km2)

9. How much C was emitted to the atmosphere due to the land use change in Atlantic forest?

10. http://www.ib.unicamp.br/destaques/biota/gradiente_funcional/index.htmlhttp://www.ib.unicamp.br/destaques/biota/gradiente_funcional/index.html

11. How does the structure and the function of the forest change along this altitudinal gradient? 1,000 m 0 m

12. Our questions – What is the capacity for these forests to store C? Where could it be stored and for how long? Our approach – First - Look at components of C stocks: Above and below ground and the environmental variables that control them. Use radiocarbon to determine the residence time of carbon in trees and soils

13. Floristic composition, structure and forest dynamics 1000m 300m 100m 10m Montane dense forest Submontane dense forest Coastal flooded forest (restinga) Lowland dense forest

16. Y X

17. Casa da Farinha Fazenda Capricórnio Sede Núcleo Santa Virgínia

21. Restinga

22. E D C B

23. I J H G F

26. Stem information • Number • Location (X and Y) • Identification(Floristic) • Measurement • DBH (1,30m) • HDBH • Total Height • Trunk quality • Illumination of canopy • Vertical trunk position

28. trees, palms and tree ferns • Mininum size: • 4.8cm DBH

32. Propagation of error in estimating the biomass of Tropical Forest Propagation of error measurement Data quality DBH of one tree Allometric model Allometric model quality AGB of one tree Size of the sampled area Sum of trees AGB of one plot Mean of plots How well the plots represent the forest AGB of the forest Chave et al. (2004)

33. Selection and validation of models • Diameter (DBH, cm) • Height (m) • Wood density – specific gravity of wood (g/cm3, 15% humidity) Fonte: http://www.edb.ups-tlse.fr/equipe1/chave/ctfswd.htm

34. Atlantic ForestAbove ground biomass • Tiepolo et al. (2002) – Guaraqueçaba (PR) • Burguer (2005) – Santos (SP) • Rolim et al. (2005) – Linhares (ES)

35. Allometric model – treesDrybiomassaboveground(kg ha-1)

36. Allometric model – other life forms

37. Tree total height x DBH in Amazon forest (western Amazon) and Atlantic forest (Picinguaba). Amazon forest Atlantic Forest

38. Scaranello (2007)

40. Above ground biomass (Mg/ha) Submontane dense forest

41. Forest Structure • ca.22,000 tree stems > 4.8 cm DBH • Dens = 1477  180 ind ha-1 ( CI 95%) • BA = 34.0  4.1 m2 ha-1 • > 10 cm DBH - change between altitudinal • density 25% • Basal area– 69% • biomass – 30%

42. Altitude

43. Altitude Total Above Ground Biomass > 30 cm 74% 71% 69% 47%

45. Forest Structureimplications to carbon stocks

46. Disturbance Edaphic factors Forest structure and biomass Residence time and forest dynamic Carbon stock

48. Dry season Biomass distribution in DBH size class

49. Biomass distribution in DBH size class Altitudinal Position

50. Spatial patterns in carbon storage above and belowground in Brazilian Tropical Forest: Amazon and Atlantic Forest