Chapter 16: trade

1. Chapter 16: trade Michael Pickett Sydney Le Cras Dana Green Nathan Tucker Jaehyeong Lee

2. The west first outreach colon maritime power • Beginnings of European Knowledge • Crusades • Islamic world, wealth and superior goods • Mongol • Trade exchanges with civilization • Spurs to discover trade route to Asia around Middle East • upper class was used to the goods of Asia • Lack of gold to pay for goods • Fear of the Ottoman Empire • Disadvantages • Belief in flat world • Wrong types of ships

3. New Technology pixelparadox.com • New Technology Helps Trade • New ships for Europe! • Explosives • Better army • Metal working Old Ships vs. New Ship blogs.ign.com

4. Portugal and Spain Lead the Pack • Henry the Navigator- Portuguese prince who sponsored expeditions • Ferdinand Magellan- Spanish, circumnavigates globe • Amerigo Vespucci- Spanish, America is not India • Portugal • First couple attempts failed got to Cape of Good Hope and stopped • Vasco da Gama • Went all the way around cape of good hope and to India • Spain • Christopher Columbus • Italian but sailing for the Spanish • Did not land in America exactly zacsunderland.com aisg7.pbworks.com wilstar.com nndb.com

5. Northern European Expeditions • Leaders in Exploration – Northern Europe • France and England • Protestants in Britain and Holland – Rivaled Catholic gain • Dutch and British • Improved the design of oceanic vessels • Vied for dominance on the seas • 1534: French Explorers first crossed the Atlantic Ocean • Claimed Canada • British turned their attention to North America • 17th century: Colonization of East Coast America

6. Northern European Expeditions • Trading Companies • Chartered by the Netherlands, Britain and France • Given Monopolies of trade • Not vigorously supervised (by own states) • Had rights to raise armies and coin money on their own • Acted like independent governments in the regions they claimed mapsofworld.com planetware.com

7. The Columbian Exchange of Disease and Food • Disease • Native American exposed to new diseases=lots of death • Native American death gives advantage to European settlers • Food • New World crops popular in Old World • Animals from Old World raised in New World

8. The West's Commercial Outreach • Europe had most power in oceanic trade • Europe established harbors throughout African and Asian coasts • Europeans had special influence through enclaves in existing mrdowling.com asij.ac.jp

9. Imbalances in world trade • World economic systems proved to be highly durable-Coercive labor systems spread           • *Dependent economies relied on cheap production of unprocessed goods.

10. A system of international inequality • Active world trade emerged from the European nation          * It lacked a commercial banking system; couldn't support full commercial trade • - Tariff policies discouraged manufacturing in colonial areas- Beyond Europe other areas that were meshed in the worlds economy produced low cost goods • - Africa produced slaves

11. How Much world in the world economy? • Many countries left out (hehe) i.e. India, Ottoman, Safavid, and African. • Did not evolve as rapidly as core countries • Not a problem (till 18th century) • China participated less, still grew. • Took gun invention, nothing else. • Used coastal navy to keep Europeans in check. • Europeans hated China for its backwardness. • Europe tried to copy Chinese goods, mostly unsuccessful. • Japan considered Europeans bad influences. Instead of trading, they made their own guns.

12. The Expansionist Trend • Expanded from a handful of countries to many. • South America, West Indies, North America, West Africa • Late 17th c. – India’s Mughal Empire falls apart. • British places tariff on Indian cotton to get more trade for themselves. • India suffers countless miseries (poverty, hunger, etc.) • India retained its regional economy, slowly started to decline. • Eastern Europe was sucked into the world economy. • Exported grains • Used bound laborers and serfs to produce food • Similar to Latin America, government is much stronger, though.

13. Vocabulary • British East India Company – the Company in the 18th century who mainly traded furs in North America. • Ceylon – Old name for the country of Sri Lanka. • Columbian Exchange – Exchange of wildlife and culture, plus diseases, from the Eastern and Western hemispheres. • Henry the Navigator - Portuguese prince, responsible for the development of European exploration and maritime trade with other continents. • John Locke – English philosopher who argued that people could learn everything they needed to know through their senses and reason; faith was irrelevant. • Vasco de Gama – 1st Count of Vidigueira, Portuguese explorer who commanded one of the first ships to sail from Europe to India.

14. Vasco de Balboa – Establisher of first colony in the Americas, characterized as able but unscrupulous. • Christopher Columbus – Italian navigator, who in the name of the new Spanish Monarchy, sailed to the west in search of India with the thought that the world was round. • Treaty of Paris – In 1763, settled the Seven Year War and lost France its colony. • Amerigo Vespucci – Italian explorer, navigator, and cartographer, is believed to be the origins of the name America (feminized Latin version of his first name). • Ferdinand Magellan – Leader of Spanish Expedition to the west in 1519, passing the tip of South America and across the Pacific to the Indonesian islands in 1521 • Boers – Dutch word for farmers, sent to Africa, caused a lot of fighting with the Bantu tribes and native peoples there.