The Planting of English America 1500-1733

1. The Planting of English America1500-1733 UNIT 2

2. September 16thAgenda • Prayer • Begin Unit • Exit Slip

3. North America in the 1600’s • In the early 1600’s North America was not as heavily explored as South America • As Spain’s ally in the first half of the century, England took little interest in establishing its own overseas colonies. • Under King Henry the VIII, England broke with the Catholic Church in 1530, this would launch the English Protestant Reformation. • They would battle back and forth for years, until a new Protestant Queen ascended the thrown in 1558. • Queen Elizabeth implemented the primary religion as Protestant, however this would cause conflict with England's relationship with a Catholic Spain.

4. England • Ireland, which had been under English rule since the 12th century refused to accept the Protestant religion. • Ireland would ask for Spain’s help to fend off English cruelty. • But Spanish aid never amounted to much; in the 1570s and 1580s, Elizabeth’s troops crushed the Irish uprising with terrible ferocity, inflicting unspeakable atrocities upon the native Irish people.

5. Early English Buccaneers • Sir Francis Drake- who was referred to as a “sea dog” -He plundered his way around the seas, returning in 1580 with his ship heavily ballasted with Spanish booty. The venture netted profits of about 4,600 percent to his financial backers, among whom, in secret, was Queen Elizabeth.

6. Early English Explorers • Humphrey Gilbert- Newfoundland was the scene of the first English attempt at colonization. This effort collapsed when its promoter, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, lost his life at sea in 1583

7. Early English Explorers • Walter Raleigh- Raleigh organized an expedition that first landed in 1585 on North Carolina’s Roanoke Island, off the coast of Virginia—a vaguely defined region named in honor of Elizabeth, the “Virgin Queen.” After several false starts, the hapless Roanoke colony mysteriously vanished, swallowed up by the wilderness.

8. Expedition Unknown https://www.xfinity.com/stream/entity/6303515665699961112/7034816105305434112

9. England Defeats Spain

10. Spain Defeated

11. England-excited at the prospect of colonization • Restlessness • Self-confidence • Curiosity about the New Colony • Thirst for adventure • Patriotism

12. First Successful Colony • Funding by a Joint stock company • Virginia Company of London • 1606- received a charter from King James I of England • Promise of Gold and Silver • Expected to only last for 2-3 years • Quick return on investment(had hoped) • Settlers were offered the same rights of Englishmen that they would have enjoyed back home, this would prove to be the foundation for American liberties

13. Charter of Virginia Company

14. English ColonizationReason- • Unemployment • Need for adventure • Desire for trade markets • Desire for religious freedom

15. Early Jamestown Life • Jamestown would come near failure multiple times • Jamestown faced • Starvation • Disease • Indian raids • The colonists who arrived were not fit for manual labor. • Colonists were only looking for Gold Not provisions • Colonists suffer large loses • Captain John Smith- Saves the colony from collapse

16. Captain John Smith • “ He who shall not work, shall not eat” • Kidnapped by Chief Powhatan to impress Smith with the chief’s power • Daughter was Pocahontas • Saves John Smith • Gets burned – has to return to England

17. Lord De La Warr • After continued attacks from the Natives, Colonists decided to leave Jamestown, however are met with a relief party that included the new Governor Lord De La Warr • De La Warr would impose a harsh military regime on the colony.

18. Powhatan • In the Second Anglo-Powhatan war in 1644, the Indians made one last effort to attack Colonists. (Failed) • This would kill any hope of assimilating the native peoples into Virginian society

19. Powhatan and other Native Groups • The Powhatans and other native groups succumbed to the Europeans because they • Died in large numbers from European diseases • Lacked the unity necessary to resist the well-organized whites • Could be disposed of by Europeans with no harm to the colonial economy • Were not a reliable labor source. The biggest disrupter of Native American life was disease. The Natives that had the greatest opportunity to adapt to the European incursion were inland tribes such as the Algonquin As part of the change brought about in the lives of the Lakotas, they were forced become nomadic.

20. Tobacco “Black Gold” • The cultivation of tobacco resulted in the following: • The destruction of the soil • A great demand for controlled labor • Soaring prosperity in the colony • The broad-acred plantation system. Tobacco was considered a poor mans crop because it could be produced quickly and easily.

21. Maryland-Catholic Haven • Second plantation colony- 4th English colony found by Lord Baltimore 1634. • Named for King Charles – Queen Henrietta Maria. • wanted to create a place to reap financial profits and refuge his fellow Catholics from a Protestant England • Wanted to offer his family and friends large tracks of land and the promise of huge lavish estates- did not end up that way. • Lost traction would not get much religious freedom as he had hoped. • Prospered in tobacco • Needed Laborers

22. West Indies- Colonization • Spain weakened by military overextension and distracted by its rebellious Dutch provinces • Gave England a way in to take over much of Spain’s territories in the West Indies-Including Jamaica 1655 • Sugar Cane produced in the West Indies/ much like Tobacco- however the work to produce sugar cane was much more strenuous. • Slaved outnumbered the amount of whites/ branded and brutalized. • The statutes governing slavery in the North American colonies originated in Barbados.

23. England in Turmoil • Civil War in England • King dismisses Parliament 1629- recalled in 1640 • King Charles I- beheaded 1649 • Oliver Cromwell rules England for about 10 year • Charles II retakes the throne • Colonization restored

24. Colonizing the Carolinas • 1670- Carolinas named after King Charles II • Friends of the King are given permission to take ownership • Hopes to grow food for the West Indies • Emigrated from Barbados • Slave trade was brought to the Carolinas – would be the chief export • Natives are forced into slavery • Attempted to flee

25. Carolina- Rice Production • Rice becomes chief export • Exotic food- grown in Africa • Slaves who know how to farm rice are brought to North America • Immune to Malaria-genetic trait • Sickle cell anemia • Swampy environment • Charleston became the busiest seaport in the south. • North Carolina becomes “Virginia’s discontent.” • Poverty stricken outcasts and religious dissenters • Squatters- did not own the land – grew their crops on it. • Reputation for being irreligious from its neighbors. • North Carolina shares with tiny Rhode Island outposts were democratic

26. Georgia- Exposed Colony • Named in Honor of King George II • To be used as a buffer- (Louisiana- French) (Florida-Spaniards) • Last of the original colonies 1733 • Haven for wretched souls imprisoned for debt. • James Oglethorpe- prison reform • Slow to grow