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Ch. 4 – Energy

Ch. 4 – Energy. I. Energy:. The ability to cause a change!. A. Kinetic Energy:. Energy in the form of motion. 1. The amount of energy depends on the mass and the velocity. 2. Equation: KE = ½ mv 2. 3. The SI units for any basic form of energy are Joules !!!.

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Ch. 4 – Energy

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  1. Ch. 4 – Energy I. Energy: The ability to cause a change!

  2. A. Kinetic Energy: Energy in the form of motion 1. The amount of energy depends on the mass and the velocity 2. Equation: KE = ½ mv2 3. The SI units for any basic form of energy are Joules !!! 4. Example: An object with a mass of 10 kg moving at 5 m/s… a. KE = ½ mv2 b. m = 10 kg v = 5 m/s c. KE = ½ 10 (5)2 d. KE = 125 Joules

  3. B. Potential Energy: Energy that is stored (3 types) 1. Elastic Potential Energy: Energy stored by stretching or compressing 2. Chemical Potential Energy: Energy stored in chemical bonds 3. Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE): Energy stored due to height above the Earth • Amount of GPE depends on mass, amount of gravity and height b. GPE = mgh –or- Wh (SI units = Joules) • Example: An object with a mass of 10 kg at a height of 15 m • on Earth (g = 9.8 m/s2) 1. GPE = mgh 3. GPE = 10 (15) (9.8) 2. M = 10 kg, h = 15 m, g = 9.8 4. GPE = 1470 Joules

  4. II. Conservation of Energy A. Energy Conversions: Energy is constantly changing from one form to another. 1. Chemical Potential Energy: Fuels are this form (gas, food, etc.) 2. Mechanical Energy: Total KE and PE in a system B. Law of Conservation of Energy: Energy may change form, but Can never be lost or gained (total never changes) 1. A swing set: switches between KE to PE and back • Swings don’t go forever because mechanical energy gets • changed into heat from friction (thermal energy), it isn’t lost

  5. C. Nuclear Energy: Converting mass into energy 1. Nuclear Fusion: Smaller particles being forced together and releasing large amounts of energy (stars, sun) • Nuclear Fission: Breaking down large particles into smaller particles, releasing large amounts of energy (nuclear warheads, power plants) D. Converting energy in your body • Your body converts Chemical PE from your food • into the energy you need to function everyday. • The Calorie is the unit that food energy is • measured. One Calorie = 4180 Joules. 3. Example: A candy bar has 200 calories, how many Joules? a. 1 Cal = 4180 J b. Candy Bar = 200 Cal c. 200 x 4180 = Joules d. Candy Bar = 836,000 J

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