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COUNTRY REPORT. ON ACCELERATING PROGRESS ON GIRLS’ EDUCATION in BANGLADESH . Fourth Meeting of the Working Group on Education For All, Paris, 22-23 July 2003. Kazi Farid Ahammed Joint Secretary, Development Ministry of Primary & Mass Education Bangladesh. Presented by -. 1. Background.
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COUNTRY REPORT ONACCELERATING PROGRESS ON GIRLS’ EDUCATION in BANGLADESH Fourth Meeting of the Working Group on Education For All, Paris, 22-23 July 2003 Kazi Farid Ahammed Joint Secretary, Development Ministry of Primary & Mass Education Bangladesh Presented by -
1. Background 1971: On liberation of Bangladesh, literacy rate was 18 % with the female literacy rate of 11 % 1972: Constitution promulgated to ensure: • Basic Human Rights to all citizen • Equity, equality & parity • Government’s obligation to adopt • effective measures for: 1) Establishing a uniform, mass-oriented and universal system for free compulsory basic education 2) Relating education to the needs of the society and producing properly trained and motivated citizens to serve those needs; and 3) Eradicating illiteracy
1973: - Nationalization of 36,165 primary schools & - Declaration of 157,724 teachers as governmental employee 1974: - Enactment of the Primary Education Act - Accepted recommendations of BEC Report which stressed Girls’ education - Setting up adult education program (11-45 aged group) through GOB & NGOs 1990: - Enactment of the Compulsory Primary Education Law - Adoption of the Declaration of the EFA as a signatory
2. Major achievements since 1973: • First Five Year Plan (FYP) (1973-78) • -Girls enrollment: 2.7m (1973) – 3m (1978) • Short Plan (1978-80) • -Literacy program for out-of-school children and • illiterate adults with focus on girls and women • Second FYP (1980-85) • -Promotion of girls education through: • a) Establishment of the Directorate of Primary • Education in 1982
b) Free distribution of uniform in primary school • c) Creation of 500 posts for female teachers • d) Completion of school mapping • e) Creation of more infrastructural facility (e.g. 11,274 classrooms crated, 9,421 schools repaired, 6,242 tube well installed, 5,745 toilets constructed) • f) Creation of about 2,000 posts of Assistant Upazila Education Officers to supervise and inspect primary schools • Third FYP (1985-90) • - Free distribution of textbooks in primary schools • -Renewal of curricula and syllabuses
-Further development of physical infrastructure • - Appointment of more teachers with focus on female teachers • Fourth FYP (1990-95) • - Created separated Primary and Mass Education Division (PMED) in 1992 • - National Action of Plan (NPA-1) Finalized, adopted and followed • - Initiation of the Food for Education project • - Introduction of secondary stipend program for 100% girl • children • Fifth FYP (1995-2000) • - Primary Education Development Plan (PEDP –1): MACRO Plan finalized
3. Major achievements in Primary Education (1990 – 2002) • % of Female teachers rose from 20% to 38% • % of girl students increased to nearly 50% • Total dropout rate lowered from 60% to 33%
4. Analysis and challenges • Access and attendance improved and exceeded the national targets • Overall improvement in Primary GER and literacy rate for boys and girls, yet disparities remain in favour of boys in general (e.g. Youth literacy rate in 2000: 56.7% for boys, 39.7% for girls) • Primary and mass education is given 50% of the national • budget out of the entire budget in education sector • At secondary school, enrollment rate of girls is higher than that of boys in 1999/2000. (EFA Global Monitoring Report) • Public current expenditure on Primary Education as % of GNP: 0.61% in 1999/2000 (EFA Global Monitoring Report)
5. Main innovative GOB&NGOs programmes: a) Dhaka Ahsania Mission : Alternative Primary School Program : Offers 27 months course assorted in 3 grades of 9 months each. Target group is 8-10 year old. b) UCEP School : For under-privileged children of the age group 6-14 years. Duration is 7 years consisting both general and technical education. c) Proshika NFE Program : For 8-11 years old children 3 year course equivalent to 5 years formal primary claimed. d) The BRAC : Two types of NFE program. One is a 3 year NFE schools for 8-11 years old children and 2 year adolescent schools for 11-14 years old. e) GOB : Stipend program for poor children, stipend program for all girls’ in HSS, PLCEHD Projects, CEC, URC, ETC.
6. Future plans to reach EFA Goals through DFA to attain gender equality • To introduce “baby class” to primary school with one additional teacher for ECCE. • To promote a holistic approach for both formal and non-formal education by linking to other sectors such as health, nutrition, water and sanitation and poverty reduction. • To strengthen C-in-Education program by updating its curricula and modules • To enhance capacity of the Upazila educational personnel and Upazila Resource Centers (URC) • To increase capacity of the National Academy for Primary Education and National Curriculum and Text Board • Creation of more schools and classrooms
7) Ensuring the smooth implementation of stipend program for 40% poor primary children and that for secondary education (???) for ensuring 85% attendance 8) To sustain the policy of employing 60% of female teachers at primary schools 9) Enhancement of non-formal education for basic literacy and PLCE to be more relevant to job market demands and economic development
