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FUTURE HIGH-RESOLUTION SOIL MOISTURE MISSION USING STAR TECHNOLOGY

FUTURE HIGH-RESOLUTION SOIL MOISTURE MISSION USING STAR TECHNOLOGY. Peggy O’Neill / Code 974. Why soil moisture? Soil moisture is a critical land surface parameter which exerts strong control on land-atmosphere exchanges of water, energy, and carbon

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FUTURE HIGH-RESOLUTION SOIL MOISTURE MISSION USING STAR TECHNOLOGY

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  1. FUTURE HIGH-RESOLUTION SOIL MOISTURE MISSION USING STAR TECHNOLOGY Peggy O’Neill / Code 974 • Why soil moisture? • Soil moisture is a critical land surface parameter which exerts strong • control on land-atmosphere exchanges of water, energy, and carbon • over large areas of the Earth. • Knowledge of the spatial and temporal patterns of global soil moisture • will improve modeling of weather and climate, and agricultural, • hydrological, and ecological processes. • A global soil moisture mission will address ESE science questions • related to: • -- Earth System Variability and Trends • -- Earth System Response and Feedback Processes

  2. BACKGROUND As a result of the Easton Conference and NASA’s Post-2002 Mission Planning (BMPS) exercise, the hydrology community set a global soil moisture mission as a high priority. -- hydroclimatology ~ 30-40 km spatial resolution -- hydrometeorolgy ~ 10 km spatial resolution -- watershed processes ~ 1 km spatial resoltuion HQ / Pierre Morel insisted that the first soil moisture mission be at 10 km HQ LSHP manager suggested that GSFC focus technology development in the soil moisture area on achieving the 10 km mission [1999] a Soil Moisture Mission Working Group (SMMWG) was formed to focus science activities in the hydrology community and to act as a liaison to HQ FUTURE HIGH-RESOLUTION SOIL MOISTURE MISSION USING STAR TECHNOLOGY

  3. Why Synthetic Thinned Array Radiometry (STAR)? STAR radiometers offer a technological solution to achieving high spatial resolution imaging from orbit without requiring a filled aperture or a moving antenna. STAR processing is flexible -- cross-track scan, conical scan, and constant incidence angle imaging geometries can all be retrieved, offering the possibility of greater surface information from a single instrument. STAR also offers an evolutionary path to even higher spatial resolution missions in the future. FUTURE HIGH-RESOLUTION SOIL MOISTURE MISSION USING STAR TECHNOLOGY

  4. Technology Roadmap for Future STAR Hydrology Missions Major Technology Areas Work Funded/ Proposed Aircraft Simulators Post-2002 Notional Missions Architecture Trade Studies End-to-End Error Modeling Deployment demos System and/or NMP demos? ACT--STAR deployment [543 PI] Large STAR Structures 2-D STAR Soil Moisture A/C Instr. (IIP) Metrology EX-4a: High-Resolution Soil Moisture Soil Moisture Trades (IR&D) Learning Tool (IR&D) ACT--Integrated Antenna Panel [Langley PI, 555] Technology Integration new RadSTAR A/CInstr. [integrated AMW / PMW] (IR&D) Low Power Receivers Receiver ATIP Science-Driven Requirements -- Soil Moisture Mission Working Group [SMMWG] Corr. DDF EX-7: Snow / Cold Lands ACT--Direct RF sampling [555 PI] Correlators Corr. ATIP GPM / LRR Correlator 1-D STAR GPM A/C Instr. [LRR-X] (IIP) EOS-9: Global Precipitation ACT--STAR signal distribution [564 PI] Calibration STAR / FP Calibration ATIP TRL1 TRL2 TRL3 TRL5 TRL6 TRL9 Concept Breadboard Eng. Model Demo Flight

  5. Architecture Trade Study -- to determine optimum system configuration necessary to achieve scientific & algorithm requirements of the 10-km mission; identify sensor options and needed technology developments; begin mechanical accommodation, deployment, and RF error studies. Microwave Interferometry Testbed -- a Learning Tool to characterize antenna mutual coupling and to study the effects of mechanical distortions on large STAR instruments. Receiver ATIP -- to design a low mass, low power dual freq/dual pol receiver module (power consumption of 0.25 W per frequency per polarization or ~1 W power per module, and a mass of ~0.2 kg per channel or ~0.8 kg mass per module), w/ noise temp ~ 250 K. Correlator ATIP -- to design an ultra low power digital correlator (first in ULP CMOS w/ highest speed digital gates). GPM/LRR Correlator -- to design a 25-baseline correlator for both 1- and 2-D STAR; pathfinder for the 250-baseline correlator needed for the 10-km mission. Calibration ATIP -- to develop a compact low power subsystem for in-flight calibration of STAR and fully polarimetric (FP) radiometers RadSTAR -- to develop a fully integrated active/passive microwave aircraft instrument to study issues in designing such an instrument for spaceflight FUTURE HIGH-RESOLUTION SOIL MOISTURE MISSION USING STAR TECHNOLOGY--IR&D and ATIP Projects

  6. FUTURE HIGH-RESOLUTION SOIL MOISTURE MISSION USING STAR TECHNOLOGY--Architecture Trade Study PATCH ANTENNA ARM DEPLOYMENT SEQUENCE Footnotes: 1. T for 2-D STAR assumes pixel averaging (not IFOV). Two S/C each w/17.2-m antennas shown stowed in Delta 10-ft fairing Single S/C w/27-m antenna shown stowed in Taurus 92” fairing and deployed on orbit

  7. Technology Roadmap for Future STAR Hydrology Missions Major Technology Areas Work Funded/ Proposed Aircraft Simulators Post-2002 Notional Missions Architecture Trade Studies End-to-End Error Modeling Deployment demos System and/or NMP demos? ACT--STAR deployment [543 PI] Large STAR Structures 2-D STAR Soil Moisture A/C Instr. (IIP) Metrology EX-4a: High-Resolution Soil Moisture Soil Moisture Trades (IR&D) Learning Tool (IR&D) ACT--Integrated Antenna Panel [Langley PI, 555] Technology Integration new RadSTAR A/CInstr. [integrated AMW / PMW] (IR&D) Low Power Receivers Receiver ATIP Science-Driven Requirements -- Soil Moisture Mission Working Group [SMMWG] Corr. DDF EX-7: Snow / Cold Lands ACT--Direct RF sampling [555 PI] Correlators Corr. ATIP GPM / LRR Correlator 1-D STAR GPM A/C Instr. [LRR-X] (IIP) EOS-9: Global Precipitation ACT--STAR signal distribution [564 PI] Calibration STAR / FP Calibration ATIP TRL1 TRL2 TRL3 TRL5 TRL6 TRL9 Concept Breadboard Eng. Model Demo Flight

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